Delhi Judiciary · Prelims Mock Test 7

Delhi Judiciary Mock Test 7 — Questions & Solutions

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Q1General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Select the word most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to 'EXONERATE':

aIncriminate
bAcquit
cAbsolve
dVindicate
Answer: A
'Exonerate' means to clear of blame or absolve; its antonym is 'incriminate', meaning to make someone appear guilty. Acquit, absolve and vindicate are synonyms.
Q2General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

If in a certain year the 1st of March is a Wednesday, on what day of the week will the 1st of April of the same (non-leap) year fall?

aSunday
bMonday
cSaturday
dFriday
Answer: C
March has 31 days, i.e. 4 weeks and 3 odd days; adding 3 days to Wednesday (1 March) gives Saturday for 1 April.
Q3General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who assumed office as the 53rd Chief Justice of India on 24 November 2025?

aJustice Sanjiv Khanna
bJustice Surya Kant
cJustice D.Y. Chandrachud
dJustice B.R. Gavai
Answer: B
Justice Surya Kant was sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India on 24 November 2025, succeeding Justice B.R. Gavai. He is due to retire on 9 February 2027.
Q4General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who was re-appointed as the Attorney General for India for a two-year term with effect from 1 October 2025?

aR. Venkataramani
bTushar Mehta
cK.K. Venugopal
dMukul Rohatgi
Answer: A
By a Gazette notification dated 26 September 2025, the Government re-appointed Senior Advocate R. Venkataramani as Attorney General for India for a further two years from 1 October 2025.
Q5General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 was awarded to which of the following?

aNihon Hidankyo
bVolodymyr Zelenskyy
cNarges Mohammadi
dMaria Corina Machado
Answer: D
Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado won the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize for her work promoting democratic rights and a peaceful transition to democracy in Venezuela.
Q6General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who became the 26th Chief Election Commissioner of India, assuming charge on 19 February 2025 as the first CEC appointed under the 2023 appointment law?

aRajiv Kumar
bSushil Chandra
cSukbir Singh Sandhu
dGyanesh Kumar
Answer: D
Gyanesh Kumar assumed charge as the 26th Chief Election Commissioner on 19 February 2025, the first CEC selected under the Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023.
Q7General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

On which date did the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, come into force, replacing the Indian Penal Code, 1860?

a26 January 2024
b1 April 2024
c1 July 2024
d15 August 2024
Answer: C
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (Act 45 of 2023) was brought into force on 1 July 2024, replacing the colonial-era Indian Penal Code, 1860.
Q8General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who is the first Chairperson of the Lokpal of India to be appointed and sworn in after the post fell vacant in May 2022, taking oath on 10 March 2024?

aJustice A.M. Khanwilkar
bJustice Dilip Babasaheb Bhosale
cJustice Ranjan Gogoi
dJustice Pinaki Chandra Ghose
Answer: A
Former Supreme Court judge Justice A.M. Khanwilkar was administered the oath as Lokpal Chairperson by the President on 10 March 2024, the post having been vacant since the retirement of Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose in May 2022.
Q9General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The 2025 Booker Prize (for fiction in English) was won by which author for the novel 'Flesh'?

aPaul Lynch
bDavid Szalay
cShehan Karunatilaka
dSamantha Harvey
Answer: B
Hungarian-British author David Szalay won the 2025 Booker Prize for his novel 'Flesh', announced in London on 10 November 2025.
Q10General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The 59th Jnanpith Award (for 2024) was conferred on which Hindi writer, the first from Chhattisgarh to be so honoured?

aGulzar
bVinod Kumar Shukla
cDamodar Mauzo
dRambahadur Rai
Answer: B
Hindi writer Vinod Kumar Shukla of Chhattisgarh was named recipient of the 59th Jnanpith Award (2024), becoming the first writer from Chhattisgarh and the 12th Hindi writer to receive it.
Q11General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The maxim 'actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea' embodies which fundamental principle of criminal law?

aAn act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty.
bNo one shall be a judge in his own cause.
cHe who comes to equity must come with clean hands.
dThe thing speaks for itself.
Answer: A
The maxim translates as 'an act does not make a person guilty unless there is a guilty mind', requiring both actus reus and mens rea for criminal liability. Option (a) is nemo judex, (c) is an equity maxim, and (d) is res ipsa loquitur.
Q12General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

In jurisprudence, the proposition that law is the command of a sovereign backed by sanction is most closely associated with which theory?

aThe Historical School of Savigny
bThe Sociological jurisprudence of Roscoe Pound
cThe Natural Law theory of Thomas Aquinas
dThe Analytical / Imperative theory of John Austin
Answer: D
John Austin's analytical (imperative) theory defines law as the command of a determinate sovereign backed by sanction, distinguishing positive law from morality. The other schools reject this command-sanction model.
Q13General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The legal maxim 'volenti non fit injuria' means:

aLet the buyer beware.
bTo a willing person, no injury is done.
cA judgment delivered without jurisdiction is a nullity.
dThe law does not concern itself with trifles.
Answer: B
'Volenti non fit injuria' means that one who voluntarily consents to a risk cannot later complain of resulting harm. Option (b) is caveat emptor and (d) is de minimis non curat lex.
Q14General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Choose the option that correctly completes the analogy: 'Plaintiff is to Defendant as Appellant is to ____'.

aComplainant
bRespondent
cPetitioner
dProsecutor
Answer: B
In a suit the party against the plaintiff is the defendant; in an appeal the party against the appellant is the respondent. The pairing in each case is the party who initiates against the party who answers.
Q15General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

A sum of money is divided among A, B and C in the ratio 2:3:5. If C receives Rs. 1,200 more than A, what is the total sum?

aRs. 4,800
bRs. 3,000
cRs. 3,600
dRs. 4,000
Answer: D
C's share minus A's share is (5-2)=3 parts = Rs. 1,200, so one part = Rs. 400; total parts = 2+3+5 = 10, giving 10 x 400 = Rs. 4,000.
Q16General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Select the word that is most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to 'EXCULPATE'.

aAcquit
bPardon
cAbsolve
dIncriminate
Answer: D
'Exculpate' means to clear from blame or guilt; its antonym is 'incriminate', meaning to make someone appear guilty. Acquit, absolve and pardon are all synonyms of exculpate.
Q17General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

In a certain code, if 'COURT' is written as 'DPVSU', how would the word 'JUDGE' be written in the same code?

aKVEGF
bKTEHD
cKVEHF
dIVCHF
Answer: C
Each letter is shifted one place forward in the alphabet (C->D, O->P, etc.), so J->K, U->V, D->E, G->H, E->F gives 'KVEHF'.
Q18General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who took oath as the 53rd Chief Justice of India in November 2025, succeeding Justice B.R. Gavai?

aJustice Vikram Nath
bJustice Sanjiv Khanna
cJustice J.B. Pardiwala
dJustice Surya Kant
Answer: D
Justice Surya Kant was sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India on 24 November 2025, succeeding Justice B.R. Gavai; he is the first CJI from Haryana.
Q19General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 was awarded to Maria Corina Machado for her work in promoting democracy in which country?

aColombia
bCuba
cVenezuela
dNicaragua
Answer: C
The Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the 2025 Peace Prize to Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition to democracy in Venezuela.
Q20General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Senior Advocate R. Venkataramani, re-appointed for a further two-year term with effect from 1 October 2025, holds which constitutional/statutory office?

aAttorney General for India
bSolicitor General of India
cComptroller and Auditor General of India
dChairman, Law Commission of India
Answer: A
R. Venkataramani, who succeeded K.K. Venugopal in 2022, was re-appointed Attorney General for India for two more years with effect from 1 October 2025.
Q21General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The legal maxim 'actus curiae neminem gravabit' embodies which principle?

aIgnorance of law is no excuse.
bAn act of the court shall prejudice no one.
cNo one can be a judge in his own cause.
dHe who comes to equity must come with clean hands.
Answer: B
'Actus curiae neminem gravabit' means that an act of the court shall prejudice no man, casting a duty on courts to ensure their own errors or delay do not harm a litigant.
Q22General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Which jurist propounded the theory that law is the command of the sovereign backed by sanction, treating only positive law as the proper subject of jurisprudence?

aJohn Austin
bRoscoe Pound
cHenry Maine
dFriedrich Carl von Savigny
Answer: A
John Austin's analytical/imperative theory defines law as the command of a determinate sovereign backed by sanction, the cornerstone of the command theory of law.
Q23General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

In Hohfeld's scheme of jural relations, the jural correlative of a 'right' (claim-right) is a:

aImmunity
bPrivilege
cPower
dDuty
Answer: D
In Wesley Hohfeld's analysis of fundamental legal conceptions, a claim-right in one person necessarily correlates with a corresponding duty in another.
Q24General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The maxim 'expressio unius est exclusio alterius', a rule of statutory interpretation, means:

aA statute must be read as a whole.
bLater law repeals earlier inconsistent law.
cWords must be understood in their ordinary sense.
dThe expression of one thing is the exclusion of another.
Answer: D
'Expressio unius est exclusio alterius' means that the express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of others not mentioned.
Q25General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The doctrine of 'stare decisis' is most closely associated with which source of law?

aPrecedent
bConventional law
cLegislation
dCustom
Answer: A
'Stare decisis' ('to stand by things decided') is the principle that courts follow precedent, making precedent its core source of law.
Q26General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Which of the following pairs of legal maxim and meaning is INCORRECTLY matched?

aObiter dicta — the binding part of a judgment
bAudi alteram partem — hear the other side
cRes ipsa loquitur — the thing speaks for itself
dVolenti non fit injuria — to a willing person no injury is done
Answer: A
Obiter dicta are observations made by the way and are NOT the binding part of a judgment; the binding part is the ratio decidendi.
Q27General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

If in a certain code 'FROST' is written as 'GSPTU', then how will 'GUEST' be written in the same code?

aHTFRU
bHVFSU
cFVDTS
dHVFTU
Answer: D
Each letter is shifted forward by one position (F+1=G, R+1=S, O+1=P, S+1=T, T+1=U); applying the same to GUEST gives H,V,F,T,U = HVFTU.
Q28General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

A is the brother of B. C is the mother of B. D is the father of C. How is A related to D?

aGrandson
bSon
cGrandfather
dNephew
Answer: A
D is the father of C, and C is the mother of A and B; therefore A (a male child of C) is the grandson of D.
Q29General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Choose the option that correctly fills the blank to form a grammatically correct sentence: 'Neither the judge nor the lawyers ______ satisfied with the adjournment.'

ahas been
bwere
cis
dwas
Answer: B
With 'neither...nor', the verb agrees with the nearer subject ('lawyers', plural), so the correct verb is 'were'.
Q30English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: The witness gave a ___ account, omitting no relevant detail.

adesultory
bperfunctory
cmeticulous
dcursory
Answer: C
'Meticulous' means showing great attention to detail, which fits an account that omits nothing; the other options imply carelessness or lack of thoroughness.
Q31English Language & Comprehension

Select the most accurate meaning of the word: 'Pellucid'.

aReluctant to act
bDeeply rooted
cEasily understood; transparently clear
dExcessively ornate
Answer: C
'Pellucid' means transparently clear in style or meaning, or admitting the maximum passage of light.
Q32English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the idiom: 'A pyrrhic victory'.

aA victory won at so great a cost that it is tantamount to defeat
bA victory achieved through deceit
cAn easily won success
dA shared or joint success
Answer: A
A 'Pyrrhic victory', named after King Pyrrhus, is a success achieved at such a devastating cost that it is hardly worth winning.
Q33English Language & Comprehension

Select the word that is the synonym of 'Quixotic'.

aIdealistic but impractical
bPractical and shrewd
cQuick-tempered
dTalkative
Answer: A
'Quixotic', from the character Don Quixote, describes someone foolishly idealistic and impractical in pursuit of lofty but unreachable goals.
Q34English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the correct option: Hardly had the hearing begun ___ the power failed.

athan
bwhen
cthen
dthat
Answer: B
The correlative for 'hardly' is 'when' (hardly ... when); 'no sooner' takes 'than', but 'hardly' takes 'when'.
Q35English Language & Comprehension

Choose the most accurate one-word substitution for: 'A statement that can be interpreted in more than one way so as to deceive or mislead'.

aSoliloquy
bEquivocation
cEuphemism
dTautology
Answer: B
'Equivocation' is the deliberate use of ambiguous or vague language to conceal the truth or avoid commitment.
Q36English Language & Comprehension

Select the word that is the antonym of 'Ephemeral'.

aTransient
bFleeting
cPermanent
dMomentary
Answer: C
'Ephemeral' means lasting a very short time; its opposite is 'permanent', meaning lasting or intended to last indefinitely.
Q37English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that correctly converts the sentence into reported (indirect) speech: He said, "I shall file the appeal tomorrow."

aHe said that he will file the appeal the following day.
bHe said that he would file the appeal the next day.
cHe said that he shall file the appeal tomorrow.
dHe said that I would file the appeal tomorrow.
Answer: B
In reported speech the tense back-shifts ('shall' to 'would') and the time adverb changes ('tomorrow' to 'the next day').
Q38English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that best fills the blank: "The witness deposed in a manner so ______ that the court found it difficult to record a coherent statement."

aarticulate
bincoherent
clucid
deloquent
Answer: B
The clause says the court found it difficult to record a coherent statement, so the manner must be 'incoherent'; the other options mean clear or well-expressed, which contradicts the sentence.
Q39English Language & Comprehension

Identify the part of the sentence that contains a grammatical error: "Neither the defendant nor his lawyers (a)/ was present (b)/ when the case (c)/ was called for hearing. (d)"

awas present
bNeither the defendant nor his lawyers
cwhen the case
dwas called for hearing
Answer: A
In a 'neither...nor' construction, the verb agrees with the nearer subject, here the plural 'lawyers', so it should be 'were present', not 'was present'.
Q40English Language & Comprehension

Select the word that means the same as the idiom 'to throw in the towel'.

aTo challenge an opponent
bTo clean up thoroughly
cTo surrender or give up
dTo celebrate a victory
Answer: C
'To throw in the towel' is a boxing-derived idiom meaning to admit defeat or give up.
Q41English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition: "The judgment was based ______ a misreading of the relevant statutory provision."

aon
bin
cat
dwith
Answer: A
The standard collocation is 'based on', so 'based on a misreading' is correct.
Q42English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that correctly converts the sentence into indirect speech: "The judge said to the counsel, 'Why have you not filed the rejoinder?'"

aThe judge asked the counsel why he had not filed the rejoinder.
bThe judge asked the counsel that why he had not filed the rejoinder.
cThe judge asked the counsel why has he not filed the rejoinder.
dThe judge told the counsel why he has not filed the rejoinder.
Answer: A
An interrogative in reported speech uses the reporting verb 'asked', no 'that', assertive word order, and a backshift of tense ('have' to 'had').
Q43English Language & Comprehension

Select the word nearest in meaning to 'PERFUNCTORY'.

aEnthusiastic
bCursory
cMeticulous
dThorough
Answer: B
'Perfunctory' means done as a routine or duty without care; 'cursory', meaning hasty and superficial, is the closest synonym.
Q44English Language & Comprehension

Choose the correct one-word substitute for 'a person who renounces a religious or political belief or principle'.

aHeretic
bAtheist
cApostate
dAgnostic
Answer: C
An 'apostate' is one who abandons a previously held religious or political belief. A heretic merely holds an opinion contrary to orthodox doctrine.
Q45English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the correct word: "The new evidence was so compelling that it ______ the earlier finding of the trial court."

avitiated
bendorsed
ccorroborated
dreinforced
Answer: A
'Vitiated' means to impair or render defective; compelling new evidence undermining an earlier finding fits 'vitiated', whereas the other options mean to support.
Q46English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the idiom 'a moot point'.

aA point that is settled beyond doubt
bA point open to debate or of no practical significance
cA point of great financial value
dA point made in jest
Answer: B
'A moot point' is one that is debatable or, in modern usage, of no practical relevance to the present situation.
Q47English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that correctly completes the analogy: 'Plaintiff is to Defendant as Appellant is to ______'.

aWitness
bCounsel
cPetitioner
dRespondent
Answer: D
In a suit the parties are plaintiff and defendant; in an appeal the corresponding opposing parties are appellant and respondent.
Q48English Language & Comprehension

Read the passage and answer the question. "While the principle that an accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty is foundational, certain special statutes reverse this burden once the prosecution establishes the basic facts. Such reverse-onus clauses have been upheld where they bear a rational nexus to the object of the legislation and do not render the accused's defence illusory." According to the passage, a reverse-onus clause is acceptable when it:

aabolishes the presumption of innocence entirely
bhas a rational connection to the law's purpose and leaves a real defence open
capplies only after the prosecution proves the accused guilty
dis found in any statute regardless of its object
Answer: B
The passage states such clauses are upheld where they have a 'rational nexus to the object of the legislation' and do not make the defence 'illusory', which matches option (c).
Q49English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that correctly identifies the meaning of the underlined idiom in the sentence: "When the auditors began probing the accounts, the manager realised the game was up."

aA new opportunity had presented itself.
bThe deception or scheme had been exposed and could no longer continue.
cThe matter would be decided by a vote.
dA friendly contest was about to begin.
Answer: B
The idiom "the game is up" means that a deceptive plan or trick has been discovered and can no longer succeed; here the manager realises the concealment will be exposed by the audit.
Q50English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word which is most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to the word: ENNUI

aBoredom
bLethargy
cFatigue
dExcitement
Answer: D
'Ennui' means a feeling of listlessness or weariness arising from boredom; its antonym is 'excitement'. The other choices are synonyms or near-synonyms.
Q51English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word which best expresses the meaning of the given word: PERFIDIOUS

aGenerous
bFaithful
cTreacherous
dCautious
Answer: C
'Perfidious' means deceitful and untrustworthy, i.e. treacherous. 'Faithful' is its antonym.
Q52English Language & Comprehension

One word substitution: A person who is indifferent to pleasure or pain and remains calm in adversity is called a/an ______.

aSceptic
bStoic
cEpicurean
dCynic
Answer: B
A 'stoic' is a person who endures pain or hardship without showing feelings or complaining. An 'epicurean' seeks pleasure, while a 'cynic' distrusts others' motives.
Q53English Language & Comprehension

Pick out the most appropriate word to fill in the blank: The witness gave a ______ account of the incident, leaving no detail unexplained.

ameticulous
bcursory
cperfunctory
dambiguous
Answer: A
Because no detail was left unexplained, the account was thorough and careful, i.e. 'meticulous'. 'Cursory' and 'perfunctory' mean hasty and superficial.
Q54English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that is most nearly SIMILAR in meaning to: LACONIC

aLethargic
bConcise
cEloquent
dVerbose
Answer: B
'Laconic' means using very few words, i.e. concise or terse. 'Verbose' (wordy) is its opposite.
Q55English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: The accused was charged ______ theft and produced before the magistrate.

afrom
bwith
cfor
dof
Answer: B
The idiomatic usage is 'charged with' an offence. 'Charged for' is used for payment, not accusation.
Q56English Language & Comprehension

One word substitution: A statement that is taken to be true without proof, serving as a starting point for reasoning, is called a/an ______.

aCorollary
bParadox
cHypothesis
dAxiom
Answer: D
An 'axiom' is a self-evident truth accepted without proof. A 'hypothesis' must be tested, and a 'corollary' follows from something already proved.
Q57Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Section 16 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, a suit for the partition of immovable property shall, subject to the pecuniary or other limitations prescribed, be instituted in the Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction -

aThe defendant actually and voluntarily resides
bThe plaintiff resides or carries on business
cAny part of the cause of action arises
dThe property is situate
Answer: D
Section 16 requires suits for recovery, partition, foreclosure, sale, redemption or determination of rights in immovable property to be instituted where the property is situate.
Q58Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The power of the Supreme Court to transfer any suit, appeal or other proceeding from a High Court or other civil court in one State to a High Court or other civil court in another State is contained in -

aSection 25 CPC
bSection 24 CPC
cSection 23 CPC
dSection 22 CPC
Answer: A
Section 25 CPC empowers the Supreme Court to transfer a suit, appeal or other proceeding from a court in one State to a court in another State; Section 24 deals with the general transfer power of the High Court and District Court.
Q59Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A decree is passed ex parte against a defendant after the suit is decided on merits in his absence. With respect to an appeal under Section 96 CPC, which of the following is correct?

aAn appeal lies only with the leave of the appellate court
bNo appeal lies from an ex parte decree
cOnly an application under Order IX Rule 13, and never an appeal, lies
dAn appeal lies from an original decree passed ex parte
Answer: D
Section 96(2) CPC expressly provides that an appeal may lie from an original decree passed ex parte. The defendant has concurrent remedies of appeal and an application under Order IX Rule 13.
Q60Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Section 96(3) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, no appeal shall lie from a decree -

aOf a Court of Small Causes on any ground
bPassed ex parte by the trial court
cPassed with the consent of parties
dPassed in a suit valued below ten thousand rupees
Answer: C
Section 96(3) bars an appeal from a decree passed by the court with the consent of parties, since a consent decree is in the nature of a contract between the parties.
Q61Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

An appeal to the High Court from a decree passed in appeal by a subordinate court (a second appeal) under Section 100 CPC lies only -

aOn any question of fact or law re-agitated by the appellant
bWhere the High Court is satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law
cOnly with the certificate of the first appellate court
dWhere the value of the suit exceeds a prescribed amount
Answer: B
Under Section 100 CPC a second appeal lies to the High Court only if it is satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law, which must be formulated by the court.
Q62Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where an appeal from an original or appellate decree or order is heard and decided by a single Judge of a High Court, Section 100A CPC provides that -

aA letters patent appeal lies to a Division Bench
bNo further appeal shall lie from the judgment and decree of such single Judge
cAn appeal lies directly to the Supreme Court as of right
dA review alone lies before the same single Judge
Answer: B
Section 100A, beginning with a non-obstante clause, overrides the Letters Patent and bars any further appeal from the judgment and decree of a single Judge of a High Court deciding an appeal.
Q63Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Restitution, that is, placing the parties in the position they would have occupied but for an erroneous decree which has since been varied or reversed, is provided for under -

aSection 115 CPC
bSection 144 CPC
cSection 114 CPC
dSection 148 CPC
Answer: B
Section 144 CPC deals with restitution and obliges the court, on the variation or reversal of a decree, to restore the parties to the position they would have held but for the decree so varied or reversed.
Q64Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Section 148 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, where a period is fixed or granted by the Court for the doing of any act prescribed or allowed by the Code, the Court may enlarge such period -

aNot exceeding thirty days in total, even if the original period has expired
bNot exceeding ninety days in total
cOnly before the original period has expired
dWithout any outer limit, in its absolute discretion
Answer: A
Section 148 CPC, as amended, permits enlargement of time not exceeding thirty days in total, and the power may be exercised even though the period originally fixed or granted has expired.
Q65Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Order VIII Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the defendant shall ordinarily present a written statement of his defence within thirty days from the date of service of summons, which the court may, for reasons recorded in writing, extend up to -

aNinety days from the date of service of summons
bSixty days from the date of service of summons
cOne hundred twenty days from the date of service of summons
dSuch time as the court thinks fit, without any outer limit
Answer: A
Order VIII Rule 1 requires the written statement within thirty days of service of summons, extendable for recorded reasons up to ninety days from the date of service of summons.
Q66Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A defendant against whom an ex parte decree has been passed may apply for setting aside the decree, on showing that the summons was not duly served or that he was prevented by sufficient cause from appearing, under -

aOrder XLVII Rule 1 CPC
bOrder IX Rule 13 CPC
cOrder IX Rule 7 CPC
dOrder IX Rule 9 CPC
Answer: B
Order IX Rule 13 CPC enables a defendant to apply for setting aside an ex parte decree on proof of non-service of summons or sufficient cause for non-appearance; Rule 9 applies where the suit is dismissed for the plaintiff's default.
Q67Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

In a suit for partition of immovable property, under Order XX Rule 18 CPC the court first passes a -

aComposite decree dispensing with any further proceedings
bDecree for specific performance
cFinal decree declaring the shares
dPreliminary decree declaring the rights and shares of the parties
Answer: D
Under Order XX Rule 18, in a partition suit the court first passes a preliminary decree declaring the shares of the parties; the final decree allotting the properties follows, usually after a Commissioner's report.
Q68Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (summary procedure) applies, among others, to suits upon bills of exchange, hundies and promissory notes. In such a summary suit, the defendant -

aIs not entitled to defend the suit unless he enters appearance and obtains leave to defend
bIs entitled to defend the suit as of right
cNeed not enter appearance at all
dCan defend only after depositing the entire decretal amount
Answer: A
Under Order XXXVII, a defendant in a summary suit is not entitled to defend unless he enters an appearance and obtains leave to defend from the court.
Q69Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Order II Rule 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, where a plaintiff omits to sue in respect of, or intentionally relinquishes, a portion of his claim arising from one cause of action, the consequence is that he -

aMay sue for the omitted portion in a fresh suit at any time
bMay sue for the omitted portion only with leave of the court
cShall not afterwards sue in respect of the portion so omitted or relinquished
dForfeits the entire suit including the portion already claimed
Answer: C
Order II Rule 2 requires the plaintiff to include the whole claim arising from a cause of action; if he omits or relinquishes a portion, he is barred from suing for that portion afterwards.
Q70Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A court trying any suit may, if it is proved by affidavit or otherwise that the property in dispute is in danger of being wasted, damaged or alienated by a party, grant a temporary injunction. This power is conferred by:

aOrder XL Rule 1 CPC
bOrder XXXVIII Rule 5 CPC
cOrder XXXIX Rule 1 CPC
dSection 94 CPC alone
Answer: C
Order XXXIX Rule 1 empowers the court to grant a temporary injunction where property in dispute is in danger of being wasted, damaged or alienated, or where the defendant threatens to dispossess the plaintiff. Order XXXVIII Rule 5 deals with attachment before judgment, not injunction.
Q71Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Section 35-A of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the maximum amount of compensatory costs that a court may award in respect of a false or vexatious claim or defence is:

aRs. 1,000
bRs. 5,000
cRs. 3,000 or the limit of the court's pecuniary jurisdiction, whichever is less
dRs. 10,000 in all cases
Answer: C
Section 35-A caps compensatory costs for false or vexatious claims or defences at Rs. 3,000, or the limit of the court's pecuniary jurisdiction, whichever amount is less.
Q72Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A suit for recovery of immovable property situate within the jurisdiction of the Delhi courts, with or without rent or profits, must ordinarily be instituted in the court within whose local limits the property is situate. This rule of place of suing is contained in:

aSection 20 CPC
bSection 16 CPC
cSection 15 CPC
dSection 21 CPC
Answer: B
Section 16 requires suits relating to immovable property (recovery, partition, foreclosure, sale, redemption, determination of rights, compensation for wrong, etc.) to be instituted where the property is situate. Section 20 is the residuary forum rule for other suits.
Q73Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where a decree is passed ex parte against a defendant, his remedy to have it set aside on the ground that summons was not duly served or that he was prevented by sufficient cause from appearing lies under:

aOrder IX Rule 9 CPC
bSection 151 CPC
cOrder IX Rule 7 CPC
dOrder IX Rule 13 CPC
Answer: D
Order IX Rule 13 allows a defendant to apply to set aside an ex parte decree if he shows the summons was not duly served or that he was prevented by sufficient cause from appearing. Rule 9 deals with a plaintiff's suit dismissed in default.
Q74Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Section 89 CPC, which empowers the court to refer a dispute to arbitration, conciliation, judicial settlement (including Lok Adalat) or mediation, was upheld and its working clarified by the Supreme Court in:

aAfcons Infrastructure Ltd. v. Cherian Varkey Construction Co.
bSalem Advocate Bar Association, T.N. v. Union of India
cHussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar
dBoth (a) and (b)
Answer: D
Section 89 was upheld in Salem Advocate Bar Association (II) and its procedure was further clarified in Afcons Infrastructure, which laid down guidelines for referring cases to ADR. Hussainara Khatoon is a criminal/undertrial case, unrelated.
Q75Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The defendant is required to present his written statement within thirty days from the service of summons; the court may, recording reasons, extend this period, but the written statement shall not be filed beyond:

a150 days from service of summons
b120 days from service of summons
c60 days from service of summons
d90 days from service of summons
Answer: D
Under Order VIII Rule 1, the written statement is to be filed within 30 days, extendable for reasons to be recorded, but not later than 90 days from the date of service of summons.
Q76Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Section 100-A of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 provides that where an appeal from an original or appellate decree or order is heard and decided by a Single Judge of a High Court:

aNo further appeal shall lie from the judgment of such Single Judge
bA review petition is barred
cA further appeal lies only with a certificate of fitness
dA Letters Patent Appeal shall lie to a Division Bench
Answer: A
Section 100-A bars any further intra-court (Letters Patent) appeal from a judgment and decree of a Single Judge who has heard and decided an appeal, irrespective of any Letters Patent provision.
Q77Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The rule that a plaintiff who omits to sue in respect of, or relinquishes, any portion of his claim arising from one cause of action shall not afterwards sue for the portion so omitted or relinquished is embodied in:

aOrder XXIII Rule 1 CPC
bOrder VI Rule 17 CPC
cOrder II Rule 2 CPC
dOrder I Rule 10 CPC
Answer: C
Order II Rule 2 requires the whole claim arising from one cause of action to be included in one suit and bars a later suit for a relinquished or omitted portion. It is aimed against splitting of claims and remedies.
Q78Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Section 13 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, a foreign judgment shall NOT be conclusive in which of the following situations?

aWhere it has not been pronounced by a court of competent jurisdiction
bWhere it has been obtained by fraud
cAll of the above
dWhere it sustains a claim founded on a breach of any law in force in India
Answer: C
Section 13 lists six exceptions where a foreign judgment is not conclusive, including want of competent jurisdiction (clause a), judgment obtained by fraud (clause e), and a claim founded on a breach of Indian law (clause f).
Q79Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The court may at any stage of the proceedings allow either party to alter or amend his pleadings in such manner and on such terms as may be just, all such amendments being necessary for determining the real questions in controversy. This power is conferred by:

aOrder VIII Rule 9 CPC
bOrder VII Rule 11 CPC
cOrder VI Rule 17 CPC
dOrder VI Rule 16 CPC
Answer: C
Order VI Rule 17 governs amendment of pleadings, allowing alteration or amendment necessary to determine the real questions in controversy, subject to the proviso barring post-trial amendments unless due diligence is shown. Order VI Rule 16 deals with striking out pleadings.
Q80Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

All questions arising between the parties to the suit in which the decree was passed, and relating to the execution, discharge or satisfaction of the decree, are to be determined by the executing court and not by a separate suit. This is provided in:

aOrder XXI Rule 58 CPC
bSection 51 CPC
cSection 47 CPC
dSection 60 CPC
Answer: C
Section 47 mandates that all questions between parties to the suit relating to execution, discharge or satisfaction of the decree be decided by the executing court, barring a separate suit. Section 51 lists modes of execution.
Q81Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding the doctrine of res judicata under Section 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908:

aThe matter directly and substantially in issue in the subsequent suit must have been directly and substantially in issue in the former suit
bThe former suit must have been heard and finally decided by a competent court
cRes judicata can operate even where the issue was not heard and finally decided in the former suit
dExplanation IV treats matters which might and ought to have been raised as constructively in issue
Answer: C
Res judicata under Section 11 requires that the matter was heard and finally decided in the former suit; an issue not heard and finally decided cannot operate as res judicata, so statement (c) is incorrect.
Q82Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Regarding the maximum period for which an undertrial prisoner may be detained, Section 479 BNSS introduces a fresh concession by providing that a first-time offender shall be released on bond if he has undergone detention for:

athe entire maximum period of imprisonment for the offence
bone-half of the maximum period of imprisonment for the offence
cone-fourth of the maximum period of imprisonment for the offence
done-third of the maximum period of imprisonment for the offence
Answer: D
The first proviso to Section 479(1) BNSS provides that a first-time offender (one never previously convicted) shall be released on bond after undergoing detention for up to one-third of the maximum period of imprisonment, as against one-half for others under the main provision.
Q83Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 193 BNSS, in an offence punishable with imprisonment for not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death, the police report on completion of investigation must ordinarily be forwarded within a maximum period of:

aone hundred and eighty days from the date of arrest
bsixty days from the date of arrest
cthirty days from the date of arrest
dninety days from the date of arrest
Answer: D
The outer limit for completing investigation corresponds to the detention periods under Section 187 BNSS, i.e., ninety days for offences punishable with death, life imprisonment or imprisonment of ten years or more; failure attracts default bail under Section 187(3).
Q84Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Section 530 BNSS, which has no counterpart in the CrPC, provides that all trials, inquiries and proceedings, including issue and service of summons and recording of evidence:

amust compulsorily be conducted only in physical presence
bmay be held in electronic mode by use of audio-video electronic means
cshall be conducted in the language of the High Court
dshall be video-recorded only with the consent of the accused
Answer: B
Section 530 BNSS enables trials, inquiries and proceedings, including summons, warrants, examination of witnesses, recording of evidence and appellate proceedings, to be held in electronic mode through audio-video electronic means.
Q85Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

A Magistrate of the first class who passes a sentence of imprisonment under the BNSS is, as a general rule, competent to award a term not exceeding:

athree years
bfive years
cseven years
dtwo years
Answer: A
Under Section 23(1) BNSS a Magistrate of the first class may pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or fine up to fifty thousand rupees, or both, and may also order community service.
Q86Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The victim's right to be informed of the progress of investigation, within ninety days, by the police officer, including through electronic communication, is conferred by which provision of the BNSS?

aSection 193(3)(ii)
bSection 230
cthe proviso to Section 173(1)
dSection 195
Answer: A
Section 193(3)(ii) BNSS requires the police officer to inform the informant or victim about the progress of the investigation within ninety days, including by electronic communication; this victim-centric duty is an innovation over the CrPC.
Q87Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 35(3) BNSS, where the offence for which a person is to be arrested is punishable with imprisonment for less than three years and the person is infirm or above sixty years, the general scheme of the section reflects the principle laid down in which leading Supreme Court decision on unnecessary arrests?

aJoginder Kumar v. State of U.P.
bD.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal
cLalita Kumari v. Government of U.P.
dArnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar
Answer: D
Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar (2014) restrained mechanical arrests in offences punishable up to seven years; the BNSS provisions discouraging routine arrest of infirm/elderly persons and requiring superior-officer sanction reflect that principle. Lalita Kumari concerned mandatory FIR registration.
Q88Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The power of the Court to alter or add to any charge at any time before judgment is pronounced is contained in which section of the BNSS, corresponding to Section 216 of the CrPC?

aSection 231
bSection 239
cSection 251
dSection 248
Answer: B
Section 239 BNSS reproduces the power, earlier in Section 216 CrPC, allowing the Court to alter or add to any charge at any time before judgment, with safeguards for the accused where the alteration is likely to prejudice him.
Q89Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

When the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 came into force, the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 was repealed by which section, which also saves pending appeals, applications, trials and investigations to be dealt with under the old Code?

aSection 529
bSection 533
cSection 531
dSection 528
Answer: C
Section 531 BNSS is the repeal-and-savings clause; it repeals the CrPC, 1973 but provides that any appeal, application, trial, inquiry or investigation pending on the date of commencement shall be disposed of under the CrPC as if it had not been repealed.
Q90Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, where a police officer has reason to suspect a person of a cognizable offence punishable with imprisonment which may extend to seven years but considers arrest unnecessary, the obligation to issue a written notice directing that person to appear is contained in:

aSection 41(b)
bSection 36(1)
cSection 35(3)
dSection 41A
Answer: C
Section 35(3) BNSS carries forward the erstwhile Section 41A CrPC, mandating a notice of appearance in lieu of arrest for offences cognizable but punishable up to seven years. Section 41A is the CrPC provision, not the BNSS one.
Q91Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 187 BNSS, in an investigation relating to an offence punishable with imprisonment for ten years or more, the total period within which the accused must be released on default bail if no charge-sheet is filed is:

aNinety days
bSeventy-five days
cSixty days
dOne hundred and eighty days
Answer: A
Section 187 BNSS (successor to Section 167 CrPC) prescribes ninety days for offences punishable with death, life imprisonment or imprisonment of not less than ten years, and sixty days in other cases, beyond which the indefeasible right to default bail accrues.
Q92Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 187 BNSS, the maximum aggregate period of police custody (whether in one stretch or in parts) that a Magistrate may authorise during an investigation is:

aSeven days
bThirty days
cSixty days
dFifteen days
Answer: D
Section 187 BNSS retains the fifteen-day ceiling on police custody, but unlike Section 167 CrPC it permits that fifteen days to be sought in parts during the initial forty or sixty days of the total detention period.
Q93Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The provision in the BNSS which statutorily recognises the registration of a 'Zero FIR' irrespective of the territorial jurisdiction in which the cognizable offence was committed is:

aSection 176
bSection 173
cSection 190
dSection 154
Answer: B
Section 173 BNSS (corresponding to Section 154 CrPC) for the first time gives statutory backing to the Zero FIR, requiring registration of information of a cognizable offence regardless of the place where it was committed.
Q94Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 176 BNSS, the visit of a forensic expert to the scene of crime and videography of the process is made mandatory in respect of offences punishable with imprisonment for a term of:

aTen years or more
bThree years or more
cSeven years or more
dFive years or more
Answer: C
Section 176(3) BNSS makes forensic investigation and videography mandatory where the offence is punishable with imprisonment for seven years or more, a wholly new procedural safeguard absent from the CrPC.
Q95Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 23 BNSS, a Court of a Magistrate of the first class may pass a sentence of imprisonment not exceeding:

aTwo years, or fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand rupees, or both
bThree years, or fine not exceeding fifty thousand rupees, or both, or community service
cOne year, or fine not exceeding ten thousand rupees, or both
dFive years, or fine not exceeding one lakh rupees, or both
Answer: B
Section 23(2) BNSS (corresponding to Section 29 CrPC) empowers a first class Magistrate to impose up to three years' imprisonment or fine up to fifty thousand rupees, or both, and additionally community service.
Q96Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The provision under the BNSS that, for the first time, permits a full inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia where a proclaimed offender has absconded to evade trial with no immediate prospect of arrest is:

aSection 356
bSection 299
cSection 339
dSection 84
Answer: A
Section 356 BNSS is a new provision enabling trial in absentia of a proclaimed offender after a ninety-day waiting period from framing of charge; the CrPC had no comparable mechanism for a complete absentee trial.
Q97Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 472 BNSS, a convict under sentence of death (or his legal heir/relative) may file a mercy petition to the President or Governor within:

aSixty days from the date of confirmation by the High Court
bThirty days from the date the Superintendent of jail informs him of dismissal of the appeal/review/SLP
cSeven days of dismissal of appeal
dFifteen days of dismissal of appeal
Answer: B
Section 472 BNSS, a new statutory framework for mercy petitions in death sentence cases, fixes a thirty-day window from intimation by the jail Superintendent of dismissal of the appeal, review or SLP, or confirmation by the High Court.
Q98Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The power of a Magistrate to order maintenance of wives, children and parents, with the added statutory recognition of interim maintenance during the pendency of proceedings, is contained in which provision of the BNSS?

aSection 152
bSection 133
cSection 144
dSection 125
Answer: C
Section 144 BNSS corresponds to Section 125 CrPC and retains the maintenance scheme for wives, children and parents; Section 125 is the old CrPC numbering, not the BNSS one.
Q99Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 479 BNSS, a first-time offender who has never been convicted of any offence in the past is entitled to release on bond on having undergone detention up to:

aOne-half of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence
bThe whole of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence
cTwo-thirds of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence
dOne-third of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence
Answer: D
The first proviso to Section 479(1) BNSS introduces a relaxation for first-time offenders, allowing release on bond at one-third of the maximum sentence, as against one-half for other undertrials; neither benefit applies to offences punishable with death or life imprisonment.
Q100Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 193 BNSS, where the investigation relates to an offence of rape under Section 64 BNS, the investigation is required to be completed within:

aSix months from recording of the FIR
bTwo months from recording of the FIR
cThree months from recording of the FIR
dOne month from recording of the FIR
Answer: B
Section 193(4) BNSS mandates completion of investigation within two months from recording of the FIR for offences relating to rape under Sections 64-71 BNS, a time-bound discipline carried over and re-numbered from the CrPC.
Q101Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 230 BNSS, copies of the police report and the documents to be supplied to the accused must be furnished by the Magistrate:

aBefore the commencement of cross-examination
bWithin seven days of taking cognizance
cWithin fourteen days from the date of production or appearance of the accused
dWithin thirty days of commitment to the Court of Session
Answer: C
Section 230 BNSS introduces a firm fourteen-day timeline (from production or appearance of the accused) for supply of the charge-sheet and connected documents, replacing the open-ended position under Section 207 CrPC.
Q102Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The omnibus provision of the BNSS declaring that all trials, inquiries and proceedings, including issuance and service of summons and recording of evidence, may be held in electronic mode is:

aSection 2(1)(a)
bSection 105
cSection 532
dSection 530
Answer: D
Section 530 BNSS is a new enabling provision permitting trials, inquiries and proceedings, including issuance/service of summons and warrants and recording of evidence, to be conducted in electronic mode; Section 2(1)(a) merely defines 'audio-video electronic means'.
Q103Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 173(3) BNSS, on receipt of information of a cognizable offence punishable for three years or more but less than seven years, the officer in charge may, with the prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police, conduct a preliminary inquiry within:

aSeven days
bFourteen days
cThirty days
dTwenty-one days
Answer: B
Section 173(3) BNSS newly authorises a preliminary inquiry within fourteen days to ascertain a prima facie case for offences punishable with three years or more but less than seven years, subject to DSP-rank approval.
Q104Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 472 BNSS, where a mercy petition has been rejected by the Governor, a petition to the President must thereafter be made within:

aForty-five days from the rejection by the Governor
bThirty days from the rejection by the Governor
cSixty days from the rejection or disposal by the Governor
dNinety days from the rejection by the Governor
Answer: C
Section 472(2) BNSS provides that a mercy petition is to be made first to the Governor and, on its rejection or disposal, to the President within sixty days; the President's order is then to be communicated by the Central Government within forty-eight hours.
Q105Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, the provision corresponding to the maintenance of wives, children and parents (formerly Section 125 CrPC) is now contained in:

aSection 144 BNSS
bSection 128 BNSS
cSection 134 BNSS
dSection 125 BNSS
Answer: A
The right of a destitute wife, child or parent to claim maintenance, earlier governed by Section 125 CrPC, has been re-enacted as Section 144 of the BNSS, 2023.
Q106Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Match List-I (Offence under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023) with List-II (Section) and select the correct answer using the code below: List-I: (a) Murder (b) Punishment for murder (c) Voluntarily causing grievous hurt (d) Causing death by negligence List-II: 1. Section 117 2. Section 101 3. Section 106 4. Section 103

a(a)-2 (b)-4 (c)-1 (d)-3
b(a)-4 (b)-2 (c)-3 (d)-1
c(a)-2 (b)-4 (c)-3 (d)-1
d(a)-1 (b)-3 (c)-2 (d)-4
Answer: A
Murder is defined in Section 101 BNS, punished under Section 103; voluntarily causing grievous hurt is Section 117; causing death by negligence is Section 106.
Q107Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, 'A' intends to kill 'B' but, due to a bad aim, the shot kills 'C', a bystander. 'A' is liable for the murder of 'C'. The principle that fastens this liability is known as:

aDoctrine of res ipsa loquitur
bDoctrine of transferred malice (transfer of intent)
cDoctrine of last opportunity
dDoctrine of common intention
Answer: B
The doctrine of transferred malice (embodied in Section 5/the murder definition under the BNS, formerly Section 301 IPC) transfers the intent against the intended victim to the actual victim killed.
Q108Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under Section 70(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, gang rape committed on a woman under eighteen years of age is punishable with:

aRigorous imprisonment up to seven years and fine
bImprisonment for not less than ten years
cImprisonment for life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of natural life, or with death
dImprisonment for not less than five years and fine only
Answer: C
Section 70(2) BNS prescribes imprisonment for life (remainder of natural life) or death, with fine, for gang rape of a woman below eighteen years of age.
Q109Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the offence of 'culpable homicide' is defined in one section while the offence of 'murder' is defined in the immediately following section. Which pair of sections correctly corresponds to these two definitions respectively?

aSection 100 and Section 101
bSection 99 and Section 100
cSection 103 and Section 104
dSection 101 and Section 103
Answer: A
Culpable homicide is defined in Section 100 BNS (corresponding to old Section 299 IPC) and murder is defined in Section 101 BNS (corresponding to old Section 300 IPC).
Q110Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Section 103(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 introduces a distinct punishment where a group murders a person on the ground of race, caste, community, sex, place of birth, language or personal belief. What is the minimum number of persons that must act in concert for this sub-section to apply?

aThree or more persons
bSeven or more persons
cTwo or more persons
dFive or more persons
Answer: D
Section 103(2) BNS (the so-called mob-lynching provision) applies when a group of five or more persons acting in concert commits murder on any of the enumerated grounds; each member is liable to death or imprisonment for life or imprisonment not less than seven years.
Q111Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

'A', already undergoing a sentence of imprisonment for life, commits murder of a fellow prisoner inside jail. Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which section deals with the punishment for murder committed by a person who is under sentence of imprisonment for life?

aSection 105
bSection 107
cSection 103
dSection 104
Answer: D
Section 104 BNS (corresponding to old Section 303 IPC) prescribes punishment for murder by a life-convict, providing for death or imprisonment for life meaning the remainder of natural life.
Q112Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under Section 80 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (dowry death), one essential ingredient is the period within which the death of the woman must occur, reckoned from the date of her marriage. That period is:

aThree years
bTen years
cFive years
dSeven years
Answer: D
Section 80 BNS (corresponding to old Section 304B IPC) requires that the death by burns, bodily injury or otherwise than under normal circumstances occur within seven years of marriage, coupled with cruelty or harassment in connection with a dowry demand.
Q113Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 has, for the first time, created a separate substantive offence of 'snatching' (sudden, quick or forcible seizure of movable property). Under which section is this new offence of snatching placed?

aSection 309
bSection 310
cSection 304
dSection 303
Answer: C
Section 304 BNS introduces snatching as a distinct offence, which had no separate counterpart in the IPC; theft is Section 303, robbery is Section 309 and dacoity is Section 310.
Q114Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under Section 310 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, an act of robbery becomes 'dacoity' only when committed (or attempted) conjointly by a certain minimum number of persons, including those present and aiding. That minimum number is:

aFive or more persons
bThree or more persons
cFour or more persons
dSeven or more persons
Answer: A
Section 310 BNS (corresponding to old Section 391 IPC) requires five or more persons conjointly committing or attempting robbery, counting those present and aiding, for the act to amount to dacoity.
Q115Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The offence formerly known as 'sedition' under Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code has been replaced in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 by an offence titled 'acts endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India'. Which section contains this offence?

aSection 150
bSection 197
cSection 152
dSection 147
Answer: C
Section 152 BNS punishes exciting secession, armed rebellion or subversive activities endangering the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; the word 'sedition' is deliberately not used. Punishment is imprisonment for life or up to seven years and fine.
Q116Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the general definition of 'criminal conspiracy' is contained in which section?

aSection 120B
bSection 61
cSection 59
dSection 120
Answer: B
Criminal conspiracy is defined and made punishable under Section 61 BNS, which corresponds to old Sections 120A and 120B IPC.
Q117Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

In the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, 'voluntarily causing hurt' and 'voluntarily causing grievous hurt' are dealt with in two separate sections. Which pair correctly identifies the punishing sections for these two offences respectively?

aSection 117 and Section 119
bSection 115 and Section 117
cSection 113 and Section 115
dSection 319 and Section 320
Answer: B
Voluntarily causing hurt is punishable under Section 115 BNS and voluntarily causing grievous hurt under Section 117 BNS, replacing old Sections 323 and 325 IPC respectively.
Q118Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the offences of 'criminal breach of trust' and 'cheating' are housed in which sections respectively?

aSection 314 and Section 316
bSection 318 and Section 320
cSection 405 and Section 415
dSection 316 and Section 318
Answer: D
Criminal breach of trust is Section 316 BNS (old Sections 405-409 IPC) and cheating is Section 318 BNS (old Sections 415-420 IPC); the punishment for the general offence of criminal breach of trust was raised to five years.
Q119Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The offence of 'abetment of suicide' under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 is contained in which section?

aSection 109
bSection 107
cSection 106
dSection 108
Answer: D
Section 108 BNS punishes abetment of suicide (corresponding to old Section 306 IPC) with imprisonment which may extend to ten years and fine.
Q120Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the substantive offence of 'rape' is defined in which section, and the ordinary punishment for rape is prescribed in which section?

aSection 62 (definition) and Section 63 (punishment)
bSection 64 (definition) and Section 65 (punishment)
cSection 63 (definition) and Section 64 (punishment)
dSection 375 (definition) and Section 376 (punishment)
Answer: C
Rape is defined in Section 63 BNS (old Section 375 IPC) and the punishment for rape is prescribed in Section 64 BNS (old Section 376 IPC), with rigorous imprisonment of not less than ten years extendable to life.
Q121Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

'A', intending to kill 'B', fires at 'B' but the shot misses and instead kills 'C', a bystander whom 'A' did not know. Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, 'A' is guilty of the murder of 'C'. The principle applied here is best described as:

aThe doctrine of common intention
bThe doctrine of last opportunity
cThe doctrine of transferred malice (transfer of intention)
dThe doctrine of res ipsa loquitur
Answer: C
The doctrine of transferred malice, retained in Section 101 BNS (old Section 301 IPC), transfers the culpable intention from the intended victim to the actual victim, making 'A' liable for the murder of 'C'.
Q122Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the offence of 'defamation' is contained in which section?

aSection 356
bSection 354
cSection 499
dSection 500
Answer: A
Defamation is dealt with under Section 356 BNS (old Sections 499 and 500 IPC); the simple offence is punishable with imprisonment up to two years, or fine, or both, or with community service.
Q123Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The offence of 'kidnapping' (covering both kidnapping from India and kidnapping from lawful guardianship) is defined under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in which section?

aSection 363
bSection 135
cSection 359
dSection 137
Answer: D
Section 137 BNS defines kidnapping (both from India and from lawful guardianship), corresponding to old Sections 359-361 IPC; abduction is defined separately in Section 138.
Q124Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the offence of 'culpable homicide' and the offence of 'murder' are respectively defined in -

aSection 299 and Section 300
bSection 100 and Section 101
cSection 103 and Section 105
dSection 101 and Section 103
Answer: B
Section 100 BNS defines culpable homicide and Section 101 BNS defines when culpable homicide amounts to murder (corresponding to the old IPC Sections 299 and 300). Punishment for murder is provided separately in Section 103.
Q125Constitution of India

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions did NOT propound or apply the basic structure doctrine in relation to the amending power under Article 368?

aIndra Sawhney v. Union of India
bWaman Rao v. Union of India
cMinerva Mills v. Union of India
dKesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
Answer: A
The basic structure doctrine was evolved in Kesavananda Bharati and applied/affirmed in Minerva Mills and Waman Rao; Indra Sawhney concerned reservations and the creamy layer, not the amending power under Article 368.
Q126Constitution of India

Under the Constitution of India, the eleven Fundamental Duties enumerated in Article 51A are:

aEnforceable by the Supreme Court under Article 32
bEnforceable only against the State
cNon-justiciable and not directly enforceable by any court
dEnforceable only by the High Courts under Article 226
Answer: C
Like the Directive Principles, the Fundamental Duties in Article 51A are non-justiciable and carry no direct legal sanction for their breach, though they may guide interpretation of statutes.
Q127Constitution of India

Under the Constitution of India, the power of the President to seek the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court on a question of law or fact of public importance is contained in:

aArticle 143
bArticle 137
cArticle 145
dArticle 131
Answer: A
Article 143 confers advisory (consultative) jurisdiction on the Supreme Court, enabling the President to refer questions of law or fact of public importance; the opinion rendered is advisory and not binding.
Q128Constitution of India

The 99th Constitutional Amendment Act, which sought to set up the National Judicial Appointments Commission, was struck down by the Supreme Court as violative of the basic structure in:

aS.P. Gupta v. Union of India
bUnion of India v. Sankalchand Sheth
cKesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
dSupreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (2015)
Answer: D
In Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (2015) the Court, by 4:1, struck down the 99th Amendment and the NJAC Act as violative of judicial independence, a part of the basic structure.
Q129Constitution of India

The provisions relating to disqualification of a member of a House on the ground of defection are contained in:

aThe Twelfth Schedule
bThe Tenth Schedule
cThe Ninth Schedule
dThe Eleventh Schedule
Answer: B
The Tenth Schedule, inserted by the 52nd Amendment, contains the anti-defection provisions; the Ninth, Eleventh and Twelfth Schedules deal respectively with saved laws, Panchayats and Municipalities.
Q130Constitution of India

Under Article 243-E of the Constitution, every Panchayat, unless sooner dissolved under any law for the time being in force, shall continue for:

aThree years from the date appointed for its first meeting
bFive years from the date appointed for its first meeting
cSix years from the date appointed for its first meeting
dFour years from the date appointed for its first meeting
Answer: B
Article 243-E fixes the term of a Panchayat at five years from the date appointed for its first meeting, unless sooner dissolved; this provision was introduced by the 73rd Amendment.
Q131Constitution of India

Residuary power to make any law with respect to a matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or the State List is vested in Parliament by:

aArticle 254
bArticle 247
cArticle 246
dArticle 248
Answer: D
Article 248, read with Entry 97 of List I (Union List), vests the exclusive residuary power of legislation in Parliament for matters not enumerated in the State or Concurrent Lists.
Q132Constitution of India

The power of a High Court to issue writs not only for the enforcement of fundamental rights but also 'for any other purpose' is derived from:

aArticle 32
bArticle 227
cArticle 131
dArticle 226
Answer: D
Article 226 empowers every High Court to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights and 'for any other purpose,' giving it a wider scope than Article 32, which is confined to fundamental rights.
Q133Constitution of India

Under Article 110(3) of the Constitution, if any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of which authority is final?

aThe Speaker of the Lok Sabha
bThe President of India
cThe Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
dThe Attorney General for India
Answer: A
Article 110(3) provides that the decision of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha on whether a Bill is a Money Bill is final; the Bill, when transmitted, bears the Speaker's certificate to that effect.
Q134Constitution of India

Parliament may by law provide for the abolition or creation of a Legislative Council in a State under Article 169, but only if the Legislative Assembly of that State passes a resolution:

aBy a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting
bBy a majority of two-thirds of the total membership of the Assembly
cBy a simple majority of the members present and voting
dUnanimously by all members of the Assembly
Answer: A
Article 169 requires the State Legislative Assembly to pass a resolution by a majority of the total membership and by not less than two-thirds of members present and voting before Parliament can abolish or create a Legislative Council.
Q135Constitution of India

Special provisions with respect to the National Capital Territory of Delhi, including the constitution of a Legislative Assembly, were introduced into the Constitution by the insertion of:

aArticle 239AA
bArticle 241
cArticle 240
dArticle 239A
Answer: A
Article 239AA, inserted by the Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991, makes special provisions for Delhi, providing for a Legislative Assembly and a Council of Ministers for the National Capital Territory.
Q136Constitution of India

Under Article 239AA, the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi may make laws on matters in the State List except those falling under:

aEntries 1, 2 and 18 of the State List (public order, police and land)
bEntries 41, 42 and 43 of the State List
cEntries 64, 65 and 66 of the State List
dEntries 5, 6 and 7 of the State List
Answer: A
Article 239AA permits the Delhi Legislative Assembly to legislate on State List and Concurrent List matters applicable to Union territories, except Entries 1 (public order), 2 (police) and 18 (land) of the State List.
Q137Constitution of India

The doctrine of 'basic structure' of the Constitution, limiting the amending power of Parliament under Article 368, was first propounded by the Supreme Court in:

aMinerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India
bKesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
cWaman Rao v. Union of India
dGolak Nath v. State of Punjab
Answer: B
In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), a thirteen-judge bench held that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution so as to alter its basic structure, thereby first propounding the basic structure doctrine.
Q138Constitution of India

Article 17 of the Constitution of India deals with:

aEquality of opportunity in matters of public employment
bProhibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
cAbolition of untouchability
dAbolition of titles
Answer: C
Article 17 abolishes 'untouchability' and forbids its practice in any form, making its enforcement an offence punishable by law; Articles 15, 18 and 16 deal respectively with the other matters listed.
Q139Constitution of India

Which one of the following is NOT a writ that a High Court is empowered to issue under Article 226 of the Constitution?

aMandamus
bQuo warranto
cInjunction
dHabeas corpus
Answer: C
Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari; an injunction is an equitable remedy, not a constitutional writ.
Q140Constitution of India

Article 21-A of the Constitution, which makes the right to free and compulsory education a fundamental right, applies to children of the age of:

aFive to twelve years
bSix to sixteen years
cSix to fourteen years
dThree to eighteen years
Answer: C
Article 21-A, inserted by the 86th Amendment, obliges the State to provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may by law determine.
Q141Constitution of India

The advisory opinion rendered by the Supreme Court to the President on a reference under Article 143 of the Constitution is:

aBinding on Parliament but not on the President
bBinding on the President and on all courts
cAdvisory in nature and not binding on the President
dBinding only on the President
Answer: C
An opinion under Article 143 is consultative; it is not a judicial pronouncement and is not binding on the President, who may accept or decline to act upon it.
Q142Constitution of India

Under which Article of the Constitution of India are appointments, posting and promotion of district judges in a State made by the Governor in consultation with the High Court exercising jurisdiction in relation to that State?

aArticle 236
bArticle 235
cArticle 234
dArticle 233
Answer: D
Article 233(1) vests the power of appointment, posting and promotion of district judges in the Governor, to be exercised in consultation with the High Court. Article 235 deals with control over subordinate courts.
Q143Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the relevancy of a statement made by a person as to the cause of his death (dying declaration) is governed by:

aSection 24
bSection 26
cSection 32
dSection 22
Answer: B
Section 26 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 32 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) deals with statements of relevant facts by persons who are dead or cannot be found, including the dying declaration.
Q144Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

A confession made to a police officer shall not be proved against a person accused of any offence under which provision of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

aSection 24
bSection 23(2)
cSection 23(1)
dSection 22
Answer: C
Section 23(1) BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 25 IEA) bars proof of a confession made to a police officer; Section 23(2) deals with confession while in police custody.
Q145Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

So much of the information received from an accused in police custody as relates distinctly to the fact thereby discovered may be proved. This rule (formerly Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act) now finds place in the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 as:

aThe proviso to Section 23
bSection 22, proviso 1
cSection 26(a)
dSection 24
Answer: A
The 'discovery' rule of erstwhile Section 27 IEA is retained as the proviso to Section 23 (specifically the proviso to sub-section (2)) of the BSA, 2023.
Q146Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

When the Court has to form an opinion as to the identity of handwriting or finger impressions, the opinion of a person specially skilled in such matters is relevant. Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, opinions of experts are dealt with under:

aSection 51
bSection 45
cSection 39
dSection 47
Answer: C
Section 39 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 45 IEA) makes the opinion of experts relevant; sub-section 39(2) covers the Examiner of Electronic Evidence.
Q147Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

The admissibility of electronic or digital records, including the requirement of a certificate, is provided under which section of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

aSection 62
bSection 65B
cSection 63
dSection 61
Answer: C
Section 63 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 65B IEA) governs admissibility of electronic records and prescribes the certificate requirement.
Q148Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Which of the following provisions is a NEW section introduced by the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, having no corresponding section in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872?

aSection 61 (Electronic or digital record)
bSection 63 (Admissibility of electronic records)
cSection 58 (Secondary evidence)
dSection 57 (Primary evidence)
Answer: A
Section 61 BSA, 2023, providing that electronic/digital records shall have legal effect equivalent to paper documents, is a new section with no direct equivalent in the 1872 Act; Section 63 corresponds to old Section 65B.
Q149Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, when any fact is especially within the knowledge of any person, the burden of proving that fact lies upon him by virtue of:

aSection 106
bSection 104
cSection 116
dSection 109
Answer: D
Section 109 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 106 IEA) places the burden of proving a fact especially within a person's knowledge upon that person.
Q150Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

The rule that the fact of a child being born during the continuance of a valid marriage is conclusive proof of legitimacy is contained in which section of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

aSection 115
bSection 119
cSection 112
dSection 116
Answer: D
Section 116 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 112 IEA) makes birth during marriage conclusive proof of legitimacy, unless non-access is shown.
Q151Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, no particular number of witnesses shall in any case be required for the proof of any fact. This principle is embodied in:

aSection 134
bSection 138
cSection 124
dSection 139
Answer: D
Section 139 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 134 IEA) provides that no particular number of witnesses is required to prove any fact.
Q152Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

An accomplice is a competent witness against an accused person, and a conviction is not illegal merely because it proceeds upon an accomplice's corroborated testimony. Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, this is provided in:

aSection 138
bSection 133
cSection 119
dSection 139
Answer: A
Section 138 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 133 IEA) declares an accomplice a competent witness against the accused and provides that a conviction is not illegal if it proceeds upon the 'corroborated' testimony of an accomplice (the enacted BSA wording, in contrast to 'uncorroborated' in the repealed Section 133 IEA).
Q153Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Leading questions are dealt with under which section of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

aSection 150
bSection 141
cSection 143
dSection 146
Answer: D
Section 146 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Sections 141-143 IEA) defines leading questions and prescribes when they may or may not be asked.
Q154Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

The order of examinations of a witness, namely examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination, is laid down under which section of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

aSection 146
bSection 138
cSection 142
dSection 143
Answer: D
Section 143 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 138 IEA) prescribes the order of examinations; Section 142 corresponds to old Section 137 (examination-in-chief).
Q155Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Communications made between a husband and wife during marriage are protected from disclosure under which provision of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

aSection 122
bSection 128
cSection 120
dSection 126
Answer: B
Section 128 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 122 IEA) bars compelled disclosure of communications made during marriage, save in specified circumstances.
Q156Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the Court may presume that a document purporting to be thirty years old, produced from proper custody, was duly signed and executed. This presumption is found in:

aSection 92
bSection 90
cSection 119
dSection 93
Answer: A
Section 92 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 90 IEA) embodies the presumption as to documents thirty years old produced from proper custody.
Q157Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

The doctrine of estoppel, whereby a person who by his declaration, act or omission has caused another to believe a thing to be true and to act upon it is precluded from denying its truth, is codified in the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 under:

aSection 121
bSection 123
cSection 115
dSection 118
Answer: A
Section 121 BSA, 2023 (corresponding to Section 115 IEA) lays down the general rule of estoppel; Sections 122 and 123 cover estoppel of tenants/licensees and of acceptors/bailees.
Q158Arbitration & Conciliation Act

A settlement agreement drawn up and signed by the parties at the conclusion of conciliation proceedings under Part III of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996:

aMust be filed in Court and made a rule of the Court before it binds the parties
bIs binding only if subsequently confirmed by an arbitral tribunal
cHas the status only of a contract enforceable by a separate suit
dHas the same status and effect as an arbitral award on agreed terms under Section 30
Answer: D
Section 74 provides that a settlement agreement reached in conciliation has the same status and effect as an arbitral award on agreed terms under Section 30; under Section 73 it is final and binding once signed by the parties.
Q159Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Which of the following correctly states the duty of confidentiality in conciliation proceedings under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996?

aThere is no statutory obligation of confidentiality in conciliation
bConfidentiality applies but never extends to the settlement agreement
cConfidentiality binds only the conciliator and not the parties
dSection 75 obliges the conciliator and the parties to keep confidential all matters relating to the conciliation proceedings, extending also to the settlement agreement except where disclosure is necessary for its implementation and enforcement
Answer: D
Section 75 obliges both the conciliator and the parties to keep all matters relating to conciliation confidential, and this duty extends to the settlement agreement save where disclosure is necessary for its implementation and enforcement.
Q160Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Where the parties fail to agree on a procedure for appointing a sole arbitrator and fail to appoint one within thirty days of a request to do so, the appointment shall, on a party's request, be made by:

aThe Supreme Court or, as the case may be, the High Court or any person or institution designated by such Court, under Section 11(6)
bThe arbitral institution chosen unilaterally by the claimant
cThe Central Government under Section 11(2)
dThe District Judge of the place of arbitration
Answer: A
Where the agreed appointment procedure fails, Section 11(6) read with Section 11(5) provides that the appointment is made, on request, by the Supreme Court (in international commercial arbitration) or the High Court, or any person or institution designated by such Court.
Q161Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under Section 10 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, where the parties fail to determine the number of arbitrators, the arbitral tribunal shall consist of:

aTwo arbitrators with an umpire
bSuch number as the Chief Justice may direct
cA sole arbitrator
dThree arbitrators
Answer: C
Section 10(1) permits the parties to fix the number of arbitrators provided it is not an even number; under Section 10(2), failing such determination the tribunal shall consist of a sole arbitrator.
Q162Arbitration & Conciliation Act

In a matter other than international commercial arbitration, under Section 29A of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 the arbitral award shall be made by the tribunal within a period of:

aSix months from the date of the first hearing
bTwelve months from the date of completion of pleadings
cTwelve months from the date the tribunal enters upon the reference
dEighteen months from the commencement of arbitral proceedings
Answer: B
Section 29A(1), as amended, requires the award in matters other than international commercial arbitration to be made within twelve months from the date of completion of pleadings under Section 23(4).
Q163Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, arbitral proceedings in respect of a particular dispute are deemed to commence under Section 21 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 on the date on which:

aThe dispute first arises between the parties
bThe arbitrator is appointed by the High Court or its designate
cThe claimant files the statement of claim before the tribunal
dA request for the dispute to be referred to arbitration is received by the respondent
Answer: D
Section 21 provides that, unless otherwise agreed, arbitral proceedings commence on the date the respondent receives the request to refer the dispute to arbitration.
Q164Arbitration & Conciliation Act

An application for setting aside an arbitral award under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 must be made within three months of receipt of the award; the court may, on sufficient cause, entertain it within a further period of:

aSuch time as Section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963 may permit
bThirty days, but not thereafter
cNinety days at the court's discretion
dSixty days, but not thereafter
Answer: B
The proviso to Section 34(3) allows a maximum further period of thirty days 'but not thereafter'; this expression excludes the application of Section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963.
Q165Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under Section 16 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, a plea that the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction shall be raised:

aNot later than the submission of the statement of defence
bOnly in an application under Section 34 after the award
cAt any time before the award is pronounced
dWithin thirty days of the constitution of the tribunal
Answer: A
Section 16(2) requires the plea of lack of jurisdiction to be raised not later than the submission of the statement of defence, and a party is not precluded merely because it appointed or participated in appointing an arbitrator.
Q166Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Which of the following statements regarding the arbitration clause under Section 16 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 is correct?

aThe tribunal cannot rule on the validity of the arbitration agreement
bAn arbitration clause forming part of a contract shall be treated as an agreement independent of the other terms of the contract
cA decision that the contract is null and void automatically renders the arbitration clause void
dAn arbitration clause stands or falls with the validity of the main contract
Answer: B
Section 16(1) embodies the doctrine of separability: the arbitration clause is treated as independent, and a decision that the contract is null and void does not entail the invalidity of the arbitration clause.
Q167Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, a party who seeks the appointment of an arbitrator because the agreed appointment procedure has failed shall make a request to the Supreme Court or High Court (or the designated institution) under:

aSection 11(6)
bSection 8
cSection 14
dSection 9
Answer: A
Where parties fail to act under an agreed appointment procedure, Section 11(6) enables a party to request the Supreme Court, High Court or the designated arbitral institution to take the necessary measure for appointment.
Q168Arbitration & Conciliation Act

A party seeking an interim measure of protection from a court before or during arbitral proceedings, or before enforcement of the award, would file an application under which provision of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996?

aSection 17
bSection 9
cSection 27
dSection 36
Answer: B
Section 9 empowers a court to grant interim measures of protection; Section 17 confers a corresponding power on the arbitral tribunal during the proceedings.
Q169Indian Contract Act

A contract is said to be induced by 'undue influence' under Section 16 where one of the parties is in a position to dominate the will of the other and uses that position to obtain an unfair advantage. Which of the following relationships does the section NOT itself presume to involve a position to dominate?

aWhere one party holds real or apparent authority over the other
bWhere one party makes a contract with a person whose mental capacity is temporarily affected by age, illness or distress
cWhere the parties stand in a fiduciary relation to each other
dWhere the parties are competitors in trade dealing at arm's length
Answer: D
Section 16(2) deems a person to be in a position to dominate the will of another in cases of real or apparent authority, fiduciary relations, or contracts with persons of affected mental capacity; ordinary arm's-length commercial dealings are not so presumed.
Q170Indian Contract Act

Under Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act, every person is competent to contract who:

aIs merely of the age of majority, regardless of soundness of mind
bHas attained eighteen years of age, even if disqualified by law
cIs a citizen of India and of sound mind
dIs of the age of majority, of sound mind, and is not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject
Answer: D
Section 11 requires three things for competence to contract: majority (under the Indian Majority Act), soundness of mind, and not being disqualified from contracting by any law to which the person is subject.
Q171Indian Contract Act

A 'bailment' under Section 148 of the Indian Contract Act essentially requires:

aDelivery of goods for a purpose, upon a contract to return or dispose of them as directed once the purpose is accomplished
bRegistration of the contract in writing
cTransfer of ownership in the goods to the bailee
dA money consideration paid by the bailee in every case
Answer: A
Section 148 defines bailment as delivery of goods by one person to another for some purpose, upon a contract that they shall be returned or otherwise disposed of according to the bailor's directions once the purpose is accomplished; ownership does not pass.
Q172Indian Contract Act

Under Section 126 of the Indian Contract Act, a contract of guarantee:

aMay be either oral or written
bRequires consideration to move directly from the surety to the creditor
cMust always be in writing to be valid
dIs valid only if registered
Answer: A
Section 126 expressly provides that a guarantee may be either oral or written; this distinguishes the Indian position from the English requirement of writing under the Statute of Frauds.
Q173Indian Contract Act

Consideration, as defined in Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act, must move:

aOnly from the promisee and no one else
bFrom the promisor to the promisee in every case
cOnly at the desire of a third party
dAt the desire of the promisor, and may be done by the promisee or any other person
Answer: D
Section 2(d) provides that consideration must be given 'at the desire of the promisor' and may be furnished by the promisee 'or any other person', so under Indian law consideration may move from a third party (privity of consideration is not required).
Q174Indian Contract Act

An agreement made without consideration is valid even though there is no consideration, if it is in writing and registered and made on account of natural love and affection between parties standing in near relation to each other. This rule is contained in:

aSection 2(d)
bSection 25
cSection 23
dSection 10
Answer: B
Section 25(1) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 makes a written and registered agreement out of natural love and affection between parties in near relation a valid exception to the rule 'no consideration, no contract'.
Q175Indian Contract Act

Where a person incapable of contracting, or anyone whom he is legally bound to support, is supplied by another with necessaries suited to his condition in life, the supplier is entitled to be reimbursed:

aOnly on attainment of majority by the incapable person
bFrom the property of such incapable person
cPersonally from the incapable person
dFrom the guardian personally
Answer: B
Under Section 68, the supplier of necessaries to a person incapable of contracting (e.g. a minor or lunatic) is entitled to reimbursement only from the property of such incapable person, not personally.
Q176Indian Contract Act

'A' finds 'B's lost nephew and then learns that 'B' had announced a reward for finding the boy. 'A' claims the reward. He is:

aEntitled, as he performed the act
bEntitled to half the reward
cNot entitled, as he had no knowledge of the offer when he performed the act
dEntitled, since it was a general offer
Answer: C
Following Lalman Shukla v. Gauri Dutt (1913), knowledge of the offer is a precondition to acceptance; one who acts in ignorance of an offer cannot claim the reward.
Q177Indian Contract Act

A proposal may be revoked at any time:

aBefore the communication of its acceptance is complete as against the proposer, but not afterwards
bBefore the acceptance is put in course of transmission by the acceptor
cOnly with the consent of the acceptor
dAt any time even after acceptance is communicated to the proposer
Answer: A
Under Section 5, a proposal may be revoked at any time before the communication of its acceptance is complete as against the proposer, but not afterwards.
Q178Limitation Act

Section 9 of the Limitation Act, 1963 embodies the principle that:

aTime never runs against a person under disability
bOnce time has begun to run, no subsequent disability or inability to sue stops it
cTime stops running on the death of a party
dContinuing wrongs give rise to a fresh period each day
Answer: B
Under Section 9, once limitation has begun to run, a subsequent disability or inability to institute a suit or make an application does not arrest its running (subject to the proviso on letters of administration).
Q179Limitation Act

A suit against a person in whom property has become vested in trust for a specific purpose, to follow such trust property, is governed by Section 10 of the Limitation Act, 1963 to the effect that:

aThe limitation is twelve years from breach of trust
bThe limitation is three years from breach of trust
cThe limitation is thirty years from the creation of the trust
dNo period of limitation operates against such a suit
Answer: D
Section 10 carves out an exception: a suit against an express trustee or his representatives to follow trust property is not barred by any length of time.
Q180Limitation Act

In computing the period of limitation for an appeal, Section 12 of the Limitation Act, 1963 directs exclusion of:

aOnly the day on which the appeal is presented
bThe entire period during which the appellant was ill
cThe day on which the judgment was pronounced and the time requisite for obtaining a copy of the decree appealed from
dThe time during which an application for review was pending
Answer: C
Section 12 excludes the day on which the judgment complained of was pronounced and the time requisite for obtaining a copy of the decree, sentence or order appealed from.
Q181Limitation Act

Section 14 of the Limitation Act, 1963 permits exclusion of the time during which the plaintiff has been prosecuting another civil proceeding, provided that proceeding was:

aWithdrawn with liberty to file afresh
bDismissed for default of appearance
cProsecuted with due diligence and in good faith in a court unable to entertain it for want of jurisdiction or a like cause
dCompromised between the parties
Answer: C
Section 14 excludes time spent bona fide and with due diligence in a court which, from defect of jurisdiction or other cause of a like nature, was unable to entertain the proceeding.
Q182Limitation Act

Where a suit is based upon the fraud of the defendant, Section 17 of the Limitation Act, 1963 provides that the period of limitation does not begin to run until:

aA criminal complaint regarding the fraud is filed
bThe defendant admits the fraud in writing
cThe plaintiff has discovered the fraud, or could with reasonable diligence have discovered it
dThe fraud is committed
Answer: C
Under Section 17, in cases of fraud or mistake, limitation runs from when the fraud or mistake is discovered or could with reasonable diligence have been discovered.
Q183Limitation Act

For an acknowledgment of liability to give rise to a fresh period of limitation under Section 18 of the Limitation Act, 1963, it must be:

aIn writing and signed, made before the expiration of the prescribed period
bAccompanied by a fresh promise to pay supported by consideration
cMade orally before two witnesses after the period has expired
dRegistered before the Sub-Registrar
Answer: A
Section 18 requires the acknowledgment of liability to be in writing, signed by the party (or his agent), and made before the prescribed period expires; a fresh period then runs from the date of signing.
Q184Limitation Act

Section 19 of the Limitation Act, 1963 provides that a fresh period of limitation is computed from the time of:

aAny oral promise to repay the debt
bThe creditor's demand notice
cThe institution of a recovery suit
dPart-payment of a debt or interest, where the fact of payment appears in the handwriting of, or is signed by, the person making it
Answer: D
Under Section 19, where payment on account of a debt or of interest on a legacy is made before expiry of the period, a fresh period runs, provided an acknowledgment of the payment appears in the handwriting of or is signed by the payer.
Q185Limitation Act

Under Section 21(1) of the Limitation Act, 1963, where a new plaintiff or defendant is substituted or added after the institution of a suit, the suit shall, as regards that party, be deemed to have been instituted:

aOn the date the cause of action first arose
bWhen the new party is so made a party, unless the court directs otherwise on being satisfied of an honest mistake
cOn the date of the original plaint in every case
dOnly when the amended plaint is verified
Answer: B
Section 21(1) deems the suit instituted against a newly added party when he is so made a party; the proviso allows the court to direct an earlier date where the omission was due to a bona fide mistake.
Q186Specific Relief Act

Under Section 16(c) of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 (as amended in 2018), a plaintiff seeking specific performance must:

aAver and prove that he has actually performed the entire contract before suit
bDeposit the full consideration in court before filing the suit
cProve that he has performed or has always been ready and willing to perform the essential terms of the contract
dShow that the defendant acted fraudulently
Answer: C
Section 16(c) bars relief unless the plaintiff proves he has performed, or has always been ready and willing to perform, the essential terms of the contract that are to be performed by him. The 2018 amendment substituted 'aver and prove' with 'prove'.
Q187Specific Relief Act

The proviso to Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 bars a court from making a declaration of legal character or right where the plaintiff:

aHas already obtained an injunction in another suit
bFiles the suit beyond three years of the cause of action
cBeing able to seek further relief than a mere declaration of title, omits to do so
dHas no subsisting interest in the property
Answer: C
The proviso to Section 34 prohibits a bare declaratory decree where the plaintiff, being able to seek further relief than a mere declaration of title, omits to do so. This prevents multiplicity and incomplete relief.
Q188Specific Relief Act

Under Section 36 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, preventive relief is granted at the discretion of the court by:

aInjunction, temporary or perpetual
bRescission of the contract
cDecree for specific performance
dDeclaration of title
Answer: A
Section 36 provides that preventive relief is granted at the court's discretion by injunction, which may be temporary or perpetual.
Q189Specific Relief Act

Which of the following is NOT a ground on which an injunction can be refused under Section 41 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963?

aTo restrain a person from instituting or prosecuting a proceeding in a criminal matter
bTo prevent a continuing breach of an obligation which the plaintiff has not acquiesced in
cWhere the conduct of the plaintiff or his agents disentitles him to the assistance of the court
dTo restrain a person from prosecuting a judicial proceeding pending at the institution of the suit (subject to exception)
Answer: B
Section 41 lists grounds for refusing an injunction. Restraining judicial proceedings (41(a)/(b)) and barring relief for the plaintiff's disentitling conduct (41(i)) are grounds for refusal; but preventing a continuing breach not acquiesced in is precisely a situation where injunction is granted, not refused.
Q190Commercial Courts Act, 2015

Under Section 13 of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, an appeal from a judgment or order of a Commercial Court at the level of a District Judge or of a Commercial Division of a High Court must be filed within:

aThirty days from the date of the judgment or order
bForty-five days from the date of the judgment or order
cSixty days from the date of the judgment or order
dNinety days from the date of the judgment or order
Answer: C
Section 13(1A) provides that an appeal to the Commercial Appellate Division shall be filed within sixty days from the date of the judgment or order.
Q191Commercial Courts Act, 2015

Under the proviso to Section 13 of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, an appeal against an order of a Commercial Court/Commercial Division shall lie only from such orders as are specifically enumerated under:

aOrder XLI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
bOrder XLIII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 and Section 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
cOrder XXXIX of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
dSection 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
Answer: B
The proviso to Section 13 restricts appeals to orders enumerated under Order XLIII CPC (as amended by the Act) and Section 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
Q192Commercial Courts Act, 2015

Commercial Courts at the District level are constituted under Section 3 of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 by:

aThe Supreme Court of India
bThe High Court on its own motion
cThe State Government, by notification, after consultation with the concerned High Court
dThe Central Government by notification
Answer: C
Section 3 empowers the State Government, after consultation with the concerned High Court, to constitute by notification such number of Commercial Courts at the District level as it deems necessary.
Q193Partnership / LLP Act

Which of the following acts is NOT within the implied authority of a partner under Section 19 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, in the absence of any usage or custom of trade to the contrary?

aEngaging a servant for the business of the firm
bAcquiring immovable property on behalf of the firm
cPurchasing goods of the kind employed in the firm's business
dReceiving payment of debts due to the firm and giving receipts
Answer: B
Section 19(2) excludes acquisition of immovable property on behalf of the firm from a partner's implied authority; the other acts ordinarily fall within the usual course of the firm's business.
Q194Partnership / LLP Act

Under Section 25 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, the liability of a partner for the acts of the firm done while he is a partner is:

aseveral only
bjoint only
cjoint with all other partners and also several
dlimited to his share of capital in the firm
Answer: C
Section 25 declares that every partner is liable jointly with all the other partners and also severally for all acts of the firm done while he is a partner.
Q195Partnership / LLP Act

A minor is admitted to the benefits of a partnership firm. Under Section 30 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932:

athe minor is personally liable for the acts of the firm
bneither the minor nor his share is liable for any act of the firm
cthe minor becomes a full partner with unlimited personal liability
dthe minor's share is liable for the acts of the firm but he is not personally liable
Answer: D
Under Section 30(3), a minor admitted to the benefits of partnership has a share liable for the acts of the firm, but the minor is not personally liable for any such act.
Q196POCSO Act

For the speedy trial of offences under the POCSO Act, Section 28 requires the State Government, in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court, to designate as a Special Court for each district a:

aCourt of Metropolitan Magistrate
bCourt of Judicial Magistrate First Class
cHigh Court Division Bench
dCourt of Session
Answer: D
Section 28 requires designation of a Court of Session as the Special Court for each district to try POCSO offences.
Q197POCSO Act

Section 35 of the POCSO Act prescribes a time-frame for trial. The evidence of the child shall be recorded within ____ of the Special Court taking cognizance, and the trial shall, as far as possible, be completed within ____ of such cognizance.

aSixty days; two years
bNinety days; one year
cThirty days; one year
dFifteen days; six months
Answer: C
Section 35 requires recording of the child's evidence within thirty days of cognizance and completion of trial, as far as possible, within one year from the date of cognizance.
Q198Transfer of Property / Property Law / Easements

Under Section 105 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, in a lease of immovable property the price paid or promised for the transfer of the right to enjoy the property is called the:

aPremium
bConsideration
cRent
dMesne profit
Answer: A
Under Section 105, the lump price paid or promised is termed the 'premium', whereas money, share, service or other thing rendered periodically or on specified occasions is the 'rent'. The transferor is the lessor and the transferee the lessee.

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