Delhi Judiciary · Prelims Mock Test 8

Delhi Judiciary Mock Test 8 — Questions & Solutions

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Q1General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Select the word most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to 'EXCULPATE'.

aExonerate
bPardon
cIncriminate
dAcquit
Answer: C
'Exculpate' means to clear from blame; its antonym is 'incriminate' (to accuse or make appear guilty), while acquit, exonerate and pardon are synonyms.
Q2General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Find the number that completes the series: 3, 7, 16, 35, 74, ?

a153
b151
c148
d157
Answer: A
Each term follows the rule (previous x 2) + n, where n increments: 3x2+1=7, 7x2+2=16, 16x2+3=35, 35x2+4=74, 74x2+5=153.
Q3General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 was awarded to Maria Corina Machado for her work promoting democratic rights in which country?

aCuba
bVenezuela
cNicaragua
dBolivia
Answer: B
The 2025 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Maria Corina Machado of Venezuela for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.
Q4General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Which novel won the Booker Prize 2025?

aFlesh by David Szalay
bProphet Song by Paul Lynch
cOrbital by Samantha Harvey
dThe Bee Sting by Paul Murray
Answer: A
Hungarian-British author David Szalay won the Booker Prize 2025 for his novel 'Flesh', announced on 10 November 2025.
Q5General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

How many sections does the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860, contain?

a511
b358
c420
d302
Answer: B
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, contains 358 sections, compared with 511 sections in the repealed Indian Penal Code, 1860.
Q6General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who has been chosen as the recipient of the 59th Jnanpith Award (for the year 2024)?

aGulzar
bDamodar Mauzo
cVinod Kumar Shukla
dJagadguru Rambhadracharya
Answer: C
Hindi author Vinod Kumar Shukla was named the recipient of the 59th Jnanpith Award for the year 2024; the 58th award (2023) had gone jointly to Gulzar and Rambhadracharya.
Q7General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who heads the 16th Finance Commission of India, constituted to make recommendations for the period 2026-27 to 2030-31?

aN.K. Singh
bArvind Panagariya
cY.V. Reddy
dVijay Kelkar
Answer: B
Economist Arvind Panagariya, former Vice-Chairman of NITI Aayog, was appointed Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission, which covers the five-year award period beginning 1 April 2026.
Q8General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who was re-appointed as the Attorney General for India with effect from 1 October 2025 for a further term of two years?

aR. Venkataramani
bTushar Mehta
cMukul Rohatgi
dK.K. Venugopal
Answer: A
Senior Advocate R. Venkataramani was re-appointed Attorney General for India with effect from 1 October 2025 for two years, by a gazette notification dated 26 September 2025.
Q9General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who is the first Chairperson of the Lokpal of India under whom it began functioning from a Supreme Court Judge background, having assumed office on 10 March 2024?

aJustice Pradip Kumar Mohanty
bJustice A.M. Khanwilkar
cJustice P.C. Ghose
dJustice Dilip B. Bhosale
Answer: B
Justice A.M. Khanwilkar, a former Judge of the Supreme Court, assumed office as Chairperson of the Lokpal of India on 10 March 2024.
Q10General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

In jurisprudence, the concept that a right and its correlative duty are two aspects of the same relationship, elaborated through 'jural correlatives' and 'jural opposites', is most associated with which jurist?

aWesley Newcomb Hohfeld
bRudolf von Jhering
cRoscoe Pound
dJohn Chipman Gray
Answer: A
Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld developed the analytical scheme of jural relations (right-duty, privilege-no-right, power-liability, immunity-disability) as correlatives and opposites.
Q11General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The legal maxim 'nemo dat quod non habet' expresses the principle that:

aNo one is bound to accuse himself
bNo one shall be punished twice for the same offence
cNo one can be a judge in his own cause
dNo one can transfer a better title than he himself has
Answer: D
'Nemo dat quod non habet' means no one can give what he does not have; a transferor cannot pass a better title to property than he himself possesses.
Q12General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

If the day after tomorrow is three days before Sunday, then what day is today?

aSunday
bFriday
cWednesday
dTuesday
Answer: D
Three days before Sunday is Thursday, so the day after tomorrow is Thursday; counting back two days makes today Tuesday.
Q13General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

A sum of money becomes Rs. 4,000 in 2 years and Rs. 5,000 in 4 years at simple interest. What is the principal sum?

aRs. 2,500
bRs. 3,000
cRs. 2,000
dRs. 3,500
Answer: B
The interest for 2 years (from year 2 to year 4) is Rs. 1,000, so annual interest is Rs. 500; interest for the first 2 years is Rs. 1,000, giving a principal of Rs. 4,000 − Rs. 1,000 = Rs. 3,000.
Q14General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Choose the word that is most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to ' INCHOATE':

aVague
bComplete
cNascent
dRudimentary
Answer: B
'Inchoate' means just begun, undeveloped or incomplete; its antonym is 'complete'. The other options are near-synonyms.
Q15General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Articles 81 and 82 of the Constitution of India provide that the delimitation of Lok Sabha seats is to be readjusted on the basis of:

aA resolution of both Houses of Parliament
bThe latest preceding census
cThe electoral rolls of the preceding general election
dThe recommendation of the Finance Commission
Answer: B
Articles 81 and 82 provide that allocation of Lok Sabha seats and division of States into territorial constituencies are readjusted after each census on the basis of the latest preceding census.
Q16General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who was sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India in November 2025, succeeding Justice B.R. Gavai?

aJustice Surya Kant
bJustice Sanjiv Khanna
cJustice Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud
dJustice Bhushan R. Gavai
Answer: A
Justice Surya Kant was sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India on 24 November 2025 and is due to retire on 9 February 2027. Justice Sanjiv Khanna and Justice D.Y. Chandrachud were his predecessors.
Q17General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Judge Iwasawa Yuji, who was elected President of the International Court of Justice with effect from 3 March 2025, is a national of which country?

aSouth Korea
bLebanon
cJapan
dChina
Answer: C
Judge Iwasawa Yuji of Japan was elected President of the ICJ effective 3 March 2025, following the resignation of the former President, Nawaf Salam of Lebanon.
Q18General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Senior Advocate R. Venkataramani, the 16th Attorney General for India, was re-appointed in September 2025 for a further term of:

aThree years, with effect from 1 October 2025
bOne year, with effect from 1 October 2025
cFive years, with effect from 26 September 2025
dTwo years, with effect from 1 October 2025
Answer: D
By the Gazette notification dated 26 September 2025, R. Venkataramani was re-appointed Attorney General for India for two years with effect from 1 October 2025, taking his tenure up to 30 September 2027.
Q19General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The legal maxim 'actus curiae neminem gravabit' embodies which of the following principles?

aNo one shall be vexed twice for the same cause.
bHe who comes to equity must come with clean hands.
cIgnorance of the law is no excuse.
dAn act of the court shall prejudice no one.
Answer: D
'Actus curiae neminem gravabit' means that an act of the court shall prejudice no one; where a party suffers due to a mistake or delay of the court, it is the court's duty to restore the position as it would have been. Option (a) describes 'nemo debet bis vexari' and option (c) describes 'ignorantia juris non excusat'.
Q20General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 has been replaced by which of the following enactments?

aBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
bBharatiya Danda Sanhita, 2023
cBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
dBharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
Answer: D
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (with 531 sections) replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 with effect from 1st July 2024.
Q21General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who, as on June 2026, holds the office of the Chief Justice of India?

aJustice D. Y. Chandrachud
bJustice B. R. Gavai
cJustice Sanjiv Khanna
dJustice Surya Kant
Answer: D
Justice Surya Kant was sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India on 24th November 2025 and continues to hold the office in 2026.
Q22General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The High Court of Delhi was established by the Delhi High Court Act, 1966 in the year:

a1991
b1947
c1956
d1966
Answer: D
The High Court of Delhi was established on 31st October 1966 under the Delhi High Court Act, 1966; prior to that, justice in Delhi was administered by the Punjab High Court.
Q23General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

As on June 2026, who is the Attorney General for India?

aMukul Rohatgi
bR. Venkataramani
cTushar Mehta
dK. K. Venugopal
Answer: B
R. Venkataramani is the 16th Attorney General for India; he assumed office on 1st October 2022 and was reappointed for a further two-year term till 30th September 2027.
Q24General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Which Article of the Constitution of India directs the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State?

aArticle 50
bArticle 51-A
cArticle 48-A
dArticle 40
Answer: A
Article 50, a Directive Principle of State Policy, mandates the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
Q25General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The legal maxim 'audi alteram partem' embodies which principle?

aNo one shall be a judge in his own cause
bAn act of the court shall prejudice no one
cNo person shall be condemned unheard
dThe law does not concern itself with trifles
Answer: C
'Audi alteram partem' literally means 'hear the other side'; it is a rule of natural justice requiring that no person be condemned without being given an opportunity to be heard.
Q26General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

In Austin's analytical school of jurisprudence, law is best described as:

aThe expression of the general will of the people
bThe dictate of right reason discoverable by nature
cA body of customs gradually evolving in society
dThe command of the sovereign backed by sanction
Answer: D
John Austin, founder of the analytical/positivist school, defined law as the command of a determinate sovereign backed by a sanction, owed habitual obedience by the bulk of society.
Q27General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Choose the word most opposite in meaning to 'CANDID':

aFrank
bDirect
cSincere
dEvasive
Answer: D
'Candid' means open and straightforward; its antonym is 'evasive', meaning deliberately vague or avoiding the truth.
Q28General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Choose the word which best expresses the meaning of 'EXONERATE':

aTo accuse formally
bTo imprison
cTo free from blame
dTo postpone
Answer: C
'Exonerate' means to absolve or free someone from blame or an obligation; the keyed synonym is 'to free from blame'.
Q29General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

A is the brother of B. C is the mother of A. D is the father of C. E is the mother of D. How is A related to E?

aGrandson
bGreat-grandson
cSon
dNephew
Answer: B
C is A's mother, D (father of C) is A's grandfather, and E (mother of D) is A's great-grandmother; hence A is E's great-grandson.
Q30English Language & Comprehension

Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: 'Each of the candidates / have been / asked to / submit their forms.'

aEach of the candidates
bsubmit their forms
chave been
dasked to
Answer: C
'Each' is singular and takes a singular verb, so 'have been' should be 'has been'.
Q31English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word OPPOSITE in meaning to: GREGARIOUS

aSociable
bOutgoing
cSolitary
dFriendly
Answer: C
'Gregarious' means fond of company and sociable; its antonym is 'solitary'. The other options are synonyms of gregarious.
Q32English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the most suitable word: Despite the overwhelming evidence, the defence counsel remained ______ that his client was innocent.

aadamant
bindifferent
capologetic
dtentative
Answer: A
'Adamant' means refusing to change one's mind, which fits a counsel insisting on innocence despite evidence. 'Tentative' would contradict the firmness implied.
Q33English Language & Comprehension

Choose the correctly punctuated and worded sentence.

aThe court will rise after it has delivered it's judgment.
bThe court will rise after it has delivered its judgement's.
cThe court will rise after it has delivered its judgment.
dThe court will rise after it has delivered its' judgment.
Answer: C
'Its' is the possessive form (no apostrophe), whereas 'it's' means 'it is'. Hence 'its judgment' is correct.
Q34English Language & Comprehension

Choose the meaning of the foreign-origin legal phrase commonly used in English: 'bona fide'.

aIn good faith; genuine
bWithout authority
cIn bad faith
dUnder compulsion
Answer: A
'Bona fide' is a Latin phrase meaning 'in good faith' or genuine. Its opposite is 'mala fide', meaning in bad faith.
Q35English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to the word 'CANDID'.

aTruthful
bSincere
cEvasive
dFrank
Answer: C
'Candid' means open, frank and straightforward; its antonym is 'evasive', meaning tending to avoid commitment or directness. The other options are synonyms of candid.
Q36English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word most nearly SIMILAR in meaning to the word 'PRUDENT'.

aImpulsive
bWasteful
cJudicious
dReckless
Answer: C
'Prudent' means showing care and good sense; 'judicious' (having or showing good judgement) is its closest synonym. The remaining options are antonyms.
Q37English Language & Comprehension

Select the one word that best substitutes the expression: 'A person who knows many foreign languages'.

aLexicographer
bLinguist
cOrator
dPolyglot
Answer: D
A 'polyglot' is a person who knows and is able to use several languages. A 'lexicographer' compiles dictionaries, while an 'orator' is a skilled public speaker.
Q38English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate word: 'The judge directed the witness to confine his answers strictly to the matter ____ issue.'

ain
bwith
cat
don
Answer: A
The fixed prepositional phrase is 'in issue', meaning the matter under dispute or consideration. The other prepositions do not collocate correctly here.
Q39English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that correctly conveys the meaning of the idiom: 'to throw down the gauntlet'.

aTo surrender meekly
bTo waste an opportunity
cTo issue a challenge
dTo apologise sincerely
Answer: C
'To throw down the gauntlet' means to issue a challenge or invite a contest. The idiom derives from the medieval practice of casting down a glove to challenge an opponent.
Q40English Language & Comprehension

Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: 'Neither the petitioner / nor the respondents / was present / when the matter was called.'

awas present
bwhen the matter was called
cnor the respondents
dNeither the petitioner
Answer: A
With 'neither...nor', the verb agrees with the nearer subject 'respondents' (plural), so it should be 'were present', not 'was present'.
Q41English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to the word 'TRANSIENT'.

aMomentary
bFleeting
cBrief
dPermanent
Answer: D
'Transient' means lasting only for a short time; its antonym is 'permanent'. The other options are synonyms of transient.
Q42English Language & Comprehension

Select the one word that best substitutes the expression: 'A statement which is so obviously true that it need not be stated'.

aEuphemism
bHyperbole
cParadox
dTruism
Answer: D
A 'truism' is a self-evident or obvious truth. A 'paradox' is a seemingly contradictory statement, while a 'euphemism' is a mild substitute for a harsh expression.
Q43English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate word: 'Despite the overwhelming evidence, the accused remained ____ in his denial of the charge.'

aobscure
boblivious
cobstinate
dobsolete
Answer: C
'Obstinate' (stubbornly persistent) fits the sense of firmly refusing to change his denial despite the evidence. The other words do not suit the context.
Q44English Language & Comprehension

Choose the sentence that is grammatically correct.

aHe is one of those lawyers who never miss a hearing.
bHe is one of those lawyer who never miss a hearing.
cHe is one of those lawyers whom never miss a hearing.
dHe is one of those lawyers who never misses a hearing.
Answer: A
In the structure 'one of those + plural noun + who', the relative pronoun 'who' refers to the plural noun 'lawyers', so the verb must be plural: 'miss'.
Q45English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that correctly conveys the meaning of the idiom: 'to let the cat out of the bag'.

aTo escape from a difficult situation
bTo reveal a secret unintentionally
cTo create unnecessary confusion
dTo act in a cruel manner
Answer: B
'To let the cat out of the bag' means to disclose a secret, often carelessly or by accident.
Q46English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word most nearly SIMILAR in meaning to the word 'MITIGATE'.

aAggravate
bIntensify
cAlleviate
dProvoke
Answer: C
'Mitigate' means to make less severe; 'alleviate' (to lessen or relieve) is its closest synonym. The other options mean the opposite.
Q47English Language & Comprehension

Select the one word that best substitutes the expression: 'That which cannot be revoked or taken back'.

aIrreparable
bIrreproachable
cIrreversible
dIrrevocable
Answer: D
'Irrevocable' means incapable of being revoked, recalled or taken back. 'Irreparable' means impossible to repair, while 'irreproachable' means beyond criticism.
Q48English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the correct pair: 'Hardly ____ the court risen ____ the parties resumed their argument in the corridor.'

ahad / when
bdid / then
chas / that
dhad / than
Answer: A
The correlative construction with 'hardly' takes 'when' (Hardly had...when...). 'Hardly...than' is incorrect; 'scarcely/hardly' pair with 'when', whereas 'no sooner' pairs with 'than'.
Q49English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that is MOST NEARLY OPPOSITE in meaning to the word in capitals: ABSTRUSE

aObscure
bHidden
cProfound
dLucid
Answer: D
'Abstruse' means difficult to understand or obscure; its antonym is 'lucid', meaning clear and easy to understand. 'Hidden', 'profound' and 'obscure' are synonyms, not antonyms.
Q50English Language & Comprehension

Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: 'Neither the judge nor the lawyers (a)/ was satisfied (b)/ with the manner in which (c)/ the witness was examined. (d)'

athe witness was examined.
bNeither the judge nor the lawyers
cwas satisfied
dwith the manner in which
Answer: C
With 'neither...nor', the verb agrees with the nearer subject, here 'lawyers' (plural), so 'was' should be 'were'. The error lies in part (b).
Q51English Language & Comprehension

Choose the correct meaning of the idiom: 'To cut the Gordian knot'.

aTo solve a difficult problem by a bold, decisive action
bTo break a long-standing friendship
cTo create unnecessary confusion
dTo avoid a difficult situation by running away
Answer: A
'To cut the Gordian knot' means to solve an intricate or seemingly intractable problem through a swift, bold, decisive measure rather than by patient effort.
Q52English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that is the SYNONYM of: PERFUNCTORY

aSuperficial
bEnthusiastic
cDeliberate
dThorough
Answer: A
'Perfunctory' means carried out with minimum effort or reflection, i.e. superficial or cursory. 'Thorough', 'enthusiastic' and 'deliberate' are opposite in sense.
Q53English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate option: 'The advocate's argument was so ______ that the bench accepted it without further deliberation.'

avacuous
btenuous
ccogent
dspurious
Answer: C
'Cogent' means clear, logical and convincing, which suits an argument readily accepted by the court. 'Tenuous', 'spurious' and 'vacuous' all imply weakness or falsity.
Q54English Language & Comprehension

Select the option that best fills the blank to form a grammatically correct sentence: 'If he ______ the deadline, he would have been awarded the contract.'

ahas met
bhad met
cwould meet
dmet
Answer: B
This is a third conditional (past unreal condition), which requires 'had + past participle' in the if-clause: 'If he had met the deadline, he would have been awarded...'.
Q55English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that means: 'A person who renounces a religious or political belief or principle.'

aBigot
bHeretic
cApostate
dZealot
Answer: C
An 'apostate' is one who abandons or renounces a religious or political belief. A 'heretic' merely holds an unorthodox opinion; a 'bigot' and 'zealot' are intolerant or fanatical adherents.
Q56English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that is the correct passive form of: 'The legislature has passed the new bill.'

aThe new bill had been passed by the legislature.
bThe new bill has been passed by the legislature.
cThe new bill was being passed by the legislature.
dThe new bill is passed by the legislature.
Answer: B
The active sentence is in the present perfect ('has passed'), so the passive must also be present perfect: 'has been passed'.
Q57Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where any period is fixed or granted by the court for the doing of any act prescribed or allowed by the Code, the court may, in its discretion, enlarge such period even though the originally fixed period has expired. This power of enlargement of time is found in:

aSection 149 CPC
bSection 152 CPC
cSection 151 CPC
dSection 148 CPC
Answer: D
Section 148 empowers the court to enlarge a period fixed or granted for doing an act prescribed by the Code, even after expiry of the originally fixed period (subject to the statutory cap). Section 149 deals with making up deficiency of court fees.
Q58Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The court may, at any stage of a suit and even without an application, order that the name of any party improperly joined be struck out, or that the name of any person who ought to have been joined be added, so that the real matter in controversy may be effectually adjudicated. This power is conferred by:

aOrder XXII Rule 4 CPC
bOrder I Rule 10 CPC
cOrder I Rule 9 CPC
dOrder II Rule 3 CPC
Answer: B
Order I Rule 10 empowers the court to strike out parties improperly joined and to add necessary or proper parties at any stage. Order I Rule 9 provides that no suit shall be defeated merely by misjoinder or non-joinder (except non-joinder of a necessary party).
Q59Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A plaint is liable to be rejected under Order VII Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 in which of the following circumstances?

aWhere it does not disclose a cause of action
bWhere the suit appears from the statement in the plaint to be barred by any law
cAll of the above
dWhere the relief is undervalued and the plaintiff fails to correct the valuation within the time fixed
Answer: C
Order VII Rule 11 enumerates grounds for rejection of a plaint, including non-disclosure of a cause of action, the suit being barred by law, undervaluation not corrected within time, and insufficient stamping not made good within time.
Q60Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Section 96(4) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, no appeal lies (except on a question of law) from a decree in any suit of the nature cognizable by Courts of Small Cause where the amount or value of the subject-matter of the original suit does not exceed:

aRupees twenty-five thousand
bRupees five thousand
cRupees three thousand
dRupees ten thousand
Answer: D
Section 96(4), as substituted by the CPC (Amendment) Act, 1999 (w.e.f. 01.07.2002), bars appeals on facts where the subject-matter of a small-cause-nature suit does not exceed ten thousand rupees.
Q61Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A second appeal under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 shall lie to the High Court from an appellate decree only if the High Court is satisfied that the case involves:

aA substantial question of law
bA question of fact wrongly decided by the first appellate court
cA mixed question of law and fact
dAny error apparent on the face of the record
Answer: A
Section 100(1) permits a second appeal only where the case involves a substantial question of law, which the High Court must formulate under Section 100(4); the appeal is then heard only on that question.
Q62Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

An application to set aside an ex parte decree under Order IX Rule 13 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 must, under Article 123 of the Limitation Act, 1963, ordinarily be made within:

aNinety days from the date of the decree
bFifteen days from the date of the decree
cSixty days from the date of the decree
dThirty days from the date of the decree
Answer: D
Article 123 of the Limitation Act, 1963 prescribes thirty days for an Order IX Rule 13 application; where summons was not duly served, time runs from the date of knowledge of the decree.
Q63Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

In a money suit, the sole defendant dies during the pendency of the suit. No application to bring his legal representatives on record is made within the prescribed period of ninety days. The consequence under Order XXII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 is that:

aThe suit is automatically dismissed for default
bThe court must decree the suit ex parte against the estate
cThe suit abates as against the deceased defendant
dThe court appoints a guardian ad litem for the estate
Answer: C
Under Order XXII Rule 4 read with Article 120 of the Limitation Act, failure to substitute the legal representatives of a deceased defendant within ninety days causes the suit to abate as against that defendant.
Q64Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where the plaint discloses a cause of action barred by a law of limitation on its own averments, the proper course for the court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 is to:

aReturn the plaint under Order VII Rule 10 for presentation to the proper court
bStay the suit under Section 10
cReject the plaint under Order VII Rule 11
dDismiss the suit under Order IX Rule 8
Answer: C
Order VII Rule 11(d) requires rejection of a plaint where the suit appears from the statement in the plaint to be barred by any law, including limitation; return under Order VII Rule 10 concerns want of jurisdiction.
Q65Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A suit for partition and separate possession of immovable property situate wholly within the local limits of one court must, under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, be instituted in the court within whose jurisdiction:

aThe defendant carries on business
bThe property is situate
cThe plaintiff voluntarily resides
dThe cause of action wholly or in part arises
Answer: B
Section 16 of the CPC requires suits for partition of, or determination of rights in, immovable property to be instituted in the court within whose local jurisdiction the property is situate.
Q66Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

All questions arising between the parties to a suit in which a decree was passed, and relating to the execution, discharge or satisfaction of the decree, are to be determined under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 by:

aThe court executing the decree, and not by a separate suit
bA separate suit instituted for that purpose
cThe appellate court alone
dThe High Court in its revisional jurisdiction
Answer: A
Section 47 of the CPC requires all questions relating to execution, discharge or satisfaction of a decree, arising between the parties, to be determined by the executing court and not by a separate suit.
Q67Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The proviso to Order VI Rule 17 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 provides that no application for amendment of pleadings shall be allowed after:

aThe trial has commenced, unless the court concludes the party could not have raised the matter before commencement despite due diligence
bThe filing of the written statement
cThe settlement of issues
dThe first date of hearing
Answer: A
The proviso to Order VI Rule 17, inserted in 2002, bars amendment after the trial has commenced unless the court is satisfied that, despite due diligence, the party could not have raised the matter before that stage.
Q68Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where a plaintiff withdraws a suit without the leave of the court to file a fresh suit, the consequence under Order XXIII Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 is that he:

aMay continue the same suit on payment of costs
bMay institute a fresh suit on the same subject-matter as of right
cIs precluded from instituting a fresh suit in respect of the same subject-matter
dMay institute a fresh suit only after one year
Answer: C
Under Order XXIII Rule 1(4), a plaintiff who abandons or withdraws a suit without leave to bring a fresh suit is precluded from instituting any fresh suit in respect of the same subject-matter.
Q69Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, dealing with settlement of disputes outside the court, enumerates the modes of alternative dispute resolution. Which of the following is NOT one of the modes specified therein?

aArbitration
bConciliation
cJudicial settlement including settlement through Lok Adalat
dCompulsory reference to the High Court
Answer: D
Section 89 specifies four modes: arbitration, conciliation, judicial settlement including settlement through Lok Adalat, and mediation; there is no mode of compulsory reference to the High Court.
Q70Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The bar of res judicata under Section 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 operates only where the matter directly and substantially in issue in the subsequent suit was, in the former suit, heard and finally decided by a court:

aOf unlimited pecuniary jurisdiction in every case
bOf the same rank as the present court only
cSituated within the same State
dCompetent to try such subsequent suit
Answer: D
Section 11 requires that the former suit be decided by a court competent to try the subsequent suit; competency of the earlier forum to try the later suit is an essential condition of res judicata.
Q71Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Two suits between the same parties involve directly and substantially the same matter in issue. The previously instituted suit is pending in a competent court. The proper course in respect of the subsequently instituted suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 is to:

aStay the trial of the subsequently instituted suit under Section 10
bDismiss it under the doctrine of res judicata
cConsolidate it with the earlier suit compulsorily
dReturn its plaint under Order VII Rule 10
Answer: A
Section 10 (res sub judice) bars the trial of a subsequently instituted suit where the matter in issue is directly and substantially the same as in a previously instituted pending suit between the same parties; the later suit is stayed, not dismissed.
Q72Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where a suit has been dismissed and the decree is subsequently varied or reversed in appeal, the court of first instance may, on the application of any party, place the parties in the position which they would have occupied but for such decree. This relief is granted under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 by way of:

aRevision under Section 115
bReview under Section 114
cRestitution under Section 144
dReference under Section 113
Answer: C
Section 144 of the CPC provides for restitution, enabling the court of first instance to restore parties to their former position where a decree is varied or reversed.
Q73Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Section 9 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the courts have jurisdiction to try all suits of a civil nature excepting suits of which their cognizance is:

aExpressly barred only
bBarred by High Court Rules alone
cEither expressly or impliedly barred
dImpliedly barred only
Answer: C
Section 9 confers jurisdiction over all suits of a civil nature except those whose cognizance is either expressly or impliedly barred, as explained by the Supreme Court in Dhulabhai v. State of M.P.
Q74Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The provision in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 which saves the inherent power of the court to make such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of the process of the court, is:

aSection 141
bSection 151
cSection 153
dSection 148
Answer: B
Section 151 of the CPC expressly saves the inherent powers of the court to make orders necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of the process of the court.
Q75Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A subsequently instituted suit is liable to be stayed where the matter in issue is directly and substantially in issue in a previously instituted suit between the same parties. This principle of res sub judice is contained in:

aSection 12 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
bSection 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
cSection 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
dSection 9 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
Answer: B
Section 10 embodies the doctrine of res sub judice (stay of suit) where the matter in issue is directly and substantially in issue in a previously instituted suit between the same parties; Section 11 deals with res judicata.
Q76Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A point which might and ought to have been raised as a ground of attack or defence in a former suit, but was not so raised, is deemed to have been a matter directly and substantially in issue in that suit. This rule is known as:

aConstructive res judicata under Explanation IV to Section 11
bEstoppel by record under Section 13
cBar of fresh suit under Order XXIII Rule 1
dRes sub judice under Section 10
Answer: A
Explanation IV to Section 11 embodies the doctrine of constructive res judicata: a matter which might and ought to have been made a ground of attack or defence is deemed to have been directly and substantially in issue.
Q77Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

No suit shall be instituted against the Government, in respect of any act purporting to be done by a public officer in his official capacity, until the expiration of a notice of:

aThree months
bTwo months
cOne month
dSix months
Answer: B
Section 80 CPC requires two months' written notice before instituting a suit against the Government or a public officer in respect of an act done in official capacity.
Q78Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where a decree under which money has been recovered is subsequently varied or reversed in appeal, the court of first instance shall, on the application of the party entitled, cause restitution to be made. The provision empowering such restitution is:

aSection 148
bSection 144
cSection 47
dSection 151
Answer: B
Section 144 CPC provides for restitution where a decree is varied or reversed; the party entitled may apply to the court of first instance, and no separate suit lies for relief obtainable under Section 144.
Q79Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A second appeal to the High Court under the Code of Civil Procedure lies only where the case involves:

aA substantial question of fact
bBoth questions of fact and of law
cA substantial question of law
dAny error apparent on the face of the record
Answer: C
Under Section 100 CPC a second appeal lies to the High Court only if it is satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law, which must be formulated by the court. A first appeal under Section 96 lies on both fact and law.
Q80Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under the Code of Civil Procedure, the High Court shall not, in exercise of its revisional jurisdiction, vary or reverse any order against which:

aLimitation has not yet expired
bA writ petition is maintainable under Article 226
cAn appeal lies either to the High Court or to any court subordinate thereto
dA review has not first been sought
Answer: C
The proviso to Section 115 CPC bars the High Court from varying or reversing, in revision, any order against which an appeal lies either to the High Court or to a court subordinate to it.
Q81Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where the plaint does not disclose a cause of action, the court is bound to:

aReturn the plaint under Order VII Rule 10
bReject the plaint under Order VII Rule 11
cDismiss the suit under Order IX Rule 8
dStay the suit under Section 10
Answer: B
Order VII Rule 11(a) requires rejection of the plaint where it discloses no cause of action; rejection is decided solely on the averments in the plaint without reference to the defence.
Q82Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The inherent powers of the High Court to prevent abuse of process of any court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice (formerly Section 482 CrPC) are now saved under which section of the BNSS, 2023?

aSection 401 BNSS
bSection 528 BNSS
cSection 482 BNSS
dSection 438 BNSS
Answer: B
Section 528 BNSS preserves the inherent powers of the High Court, mirroring the erstwhile Section 482 CrPC, including the power to quash proceedings to secure the ends of justice.
Q83Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 187 of the BNSS, 2023, in respect of an offence punishable with imprisonment for ten years or more, the fifteen days of police custody may be sought by the Magistrate within an initial window of:

aNinety days from the date of remand
bForty days from the date of remand
cSixty days from the date of remand
dFifteen days only at the beginning of remand
Answer: C
Section 187 BNSS permits police custody (up to 15 days, in whole or in parts) to be availed within the first 40 days where the maximum punishment is up to 10 years, and within the first 60 days where it is 10 years or more, life or death.
Q84Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Which of the following is a new feature of police custody under Section 187 of the BNSS, 2023, that was absent under Section 167 CrPC?

aPolice custody can never exceed twenty-four hours
bPolice custody is to be granted only by the Sessions Court
cThe fifteen-day police custody may be taken in whole or in parts spread over the initial detention window
dPolice custody has been abolished altogether
Answer: C
Unlike Section 167 CrPC where the 15-day police custody had to be availed in the first 15 days, Section 187 BNSS allows it to be taken in parts, spread across the 40 or 60-day window.
Q85Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 173 of the BNSS, 2023, for a cognizable offence punishable with imprisonment for three years or more but less than seven years, the officer in charge may, with the prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police, conduct a preliminary enquiry, which must be completed within:

aThirty days
bSeven days
cTwenty-one days
dFourteen days
Answer: D
The proviso to Section 173(3) BNSS permits a preliminary enquiry, with DSP permission, for offences punishable between 3 and 7 years, to ascertain a prima facie case; it must be completed within fourteen days.
Q86Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 176(3) of the BNSS, 2023, the mandatory visit of a forensic expert to the scene of crime to collect forensic evidence and to videograph the process applies to offences punishable with imprisonment of:

aSeven years or more
bFive years or more
cThree years or more
dTen years or more
Answer: A
Section 176(3) BNSS mandates collection of forensic evidence by a forensic expert and videography of the crime scene for offences punishable with imprisonment of seven years or more.
Q87Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of a proclaimed offender, a provision newly introduced by the BNSS, 2023, is contained in:

aSection 356 BNSS
bSection 299 BNSS
cSection 339 BNSS
dSection 84 BNSS
Answer: A
Section 356 BNSS is a new provision empowering a court to inquire into, try, or pronounce judgment against a proclaimed offender in his absence where he has absconded to evade trial.
Q88Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Anticipatory bail under the BNSS, 2023 (formerly Section 438 CrPC) may now be applied for under:

aSection 438 BNSS
bSection 482 BNSS
cSection 483 BNSS
dSection 480 BNSS
Answer: B
A person apprehending arrest for a non-bailable offence may seek anticipatory bail from the High Court or Court of Session under Section 482 BNSS, corresponding to Section 438 CrPC.
Q89Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Section 479 of the BNSS, 2023 entitles a first-time offender who has never been convicted of any offence to be released on bond on undergoing detention up to what fraction of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for the offence?

aTwo-thirds
bOne-half
cOne-fourth
dOne-third
Answer: D
Under the first proviso to Section 479(1) BNSS, a first-time offender shall be released on bond on completing one-third of the maximum sentence, whereas the general rule is release on one-half.
Q90Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 23 of the BNSS, 2023, the Court of a Chief Judicial Magistrate may pass any sentence authorised by law except a sentence of death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for a term exceeding:

aTen years
bThree years
cFive years
dSeven years
Answer: D
Section 23(1) BNSS empowers a Chief Judicial Magistrate to pass any sentence except death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment exceeding seven years.
Q91Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 23 of the BNSS, 2023, a Magistrate of the first class may impose a fine not exceeding:

aTwenty-five thousand rupees
bTen thousand rupees
cOne lakh rupees
dFifty thousand rupees
Answer: D
Section 23(2) BNSS empowers a Magistrate of the first class to pass imprisonment up to three years, fine up to fifty thousand rupees, or both, or community service.
Q92Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Section 105 of the BNSS, 2023 introduces a new mandatory requirement that the process of search and seizure be:

aRecorded through audio-video electronic means and forwarded to the Magistrate
bWitnessed by at least four independent persons
cConducted only in the presence of a Magistrate
dCarried out only after obtaining a written warrant in every case
Answer: A
Section 105 BNSS requires that search and seizure, including preparation of the list of seized items, be recorded by audio-video electronic means (preferably a mobile phone) and the recording forwarded to the Magistrate without delay.
Q93Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 35(7) of the BNSS, 2023, where the offence is punishable with imprisonment of less than three years and the person is infirm or above sixty years of age, no arrest shall be made without the prior permission of an officer not below the rank of:

aInspector
bSub-Inspector
cSuperintendent of Police
dDeputy Superintendent of Police
Answer: D
Section 35(7) BNSS adds a safeguard requiring prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police before arresting an infirm person or one above sixty years for offences punishable with less than three years.
Q94Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 183 of the BNSS, 2023, confessions and statements recorded by a Magistrate during investigation:

aMust in every case be recorded by audio-video electronic means in the presence of the accused's advocate, failing which they are void
bCan be recorded only by an Executive Magistrate
cNeed not be signed by the person making the statement
dMay be recorded by any audio-video electronic means, and a confession must satisfy the Magistrate that it is voluntary
Answer: D
Section 183 BNSS permits recording of confessions and statements by audio-video electronic means and, as under the old Section 164 CrPC, requires the Magistrate to be satisfied that a confession is voluntary before recording it.
Q95Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Section 398 of the BNSS, 2023 casts a statutory obligation, for the first time in the procedural code, upon which authority to prepare and notify a Witness Protection Scheme?

aThe High Court of each State
bEvery State Government
cThe National Human Rights Commission
dThe Central Government
Answer: B
Section 398 BNSS statutorily mandates that every State Government prepare and notify a Witness Protection Scheme to ensure protection of witnesses.
Q96Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, the concept of a 'Zero FIR'—that information relating to a cognizable offence may be registered irrespective of the area where the offence is committed—is statutorily codified in:

aSection 154
bSection 175
cSection 173
dSection 190
Answer: C
Section 173(1) BNSS deals with information in cognizable cases and uses the words 'irrespective of the area where the offence is committed', thereby giving statutory recognition to the Zero FIR.
Q97Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

A is accused of an offence punishable with imprisonment which may extend to five years. The investigating officer wishes to arrest A without a warrant. Which provision of the BNSS, 2023 requires that a notice be issued to A directing him to appear before the police officer before resorting to arrest?

aSection 35(3)
bSection 35(7)
cSection 43(3)
dSection 47(1)
Answer: A
Section 35(3) BNSS makes issuance of a notice of appearance mandatory before arresting a person for an offence punishable with imprisonment up to seven years, treating arrest as the exception rather than the rule in such cases.
Q98Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 35(7) of the BNSS, 2023, no arrest shall be made without prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police where the offence is punishable with imprisonment of less than three years and the person to be arrested is:

aA woman
bA juvenile in conflict with law
cA first-time offender
dInfirm or above sixty years of age
Answer: D
Section 35(7) BNSS bars arrest of a person who is infirm or above sixty years of age, for an offence punishable with less than three years' imprisonment, without prior permission of an officer not below the rank of DSP.
Q99Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under the scheme of Section 187 of the BNSS, 2023, the fifteen days of police custody of an accused:

aCannot exceed seven days in the aggregate
bMay be sought in parts during the initial forty or sixty days of the detention period
cMust be taken continuously within the first fifteen days of remand only
dCan be granted only after the filing of the police report
Answer: B
Departing from Section 167 CrPC, Section 187 BNSS permits the fifteen days of police custody to be spread out in parts within the first forty or sixty days of the total period of detention.
Q100Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

An undertrial prisoner, who is not accused of an offence punishable with death or life imprisonment and is a first-time offender with no previous conviction, becomes entitled to be released on bond under Section 479 of the BNSS, 2023 on having undergone detention for:

aOne-fourth of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for the offence
bOne-third of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for the offence
cOne-half of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for the offence
dThe entire maximum period of imprisonment specified for the offence
Answer: B
The first proviso to Section 479(1) BNSS provides that a first-time offender, with no prior conviction, shall be released on bond on having undergone one-third of the maximum period of imprisonment for the offence.
Q101Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Which provision of the BNSS, 2023 deals with the order for maintenance of wives, children and parents, corresponding to Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973?

aSection 198
bSection 125
cSection 164
dSection 144
Answer: D
Section 144 BNSS empowers a Magistrate to order a person of sufficient means who neglects or refuses to maintain his wife, children or parents to pay monthly maintenance; it corresponds to Section 125 CrPC.
Q102Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

A confession or statement made during investigation, or at any time before the commencement of inquiry or trial, is recorded by a Magistrate under which provision of the BNSS, 2023?

aSection 181
bSection 183
cSection 187
dSection 180
Answer: B
Section 183 BNSS (corresponding to Section 164 CrPC) empowers a Magistrate to record confessions and statements made in the course of investigation or before the commencement of inquiry or trial.
Q103Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

A statement made by a witness to a police officer in the course of investigation under Section 180 of the BNSS, 2023:

aAmounts to a confession if it inculpates the maker
bMust be signed by the person making it
cIs admissible as substantive evidence of the facts stated
dShall not be signed and may be used only to contradict the witness in the manner provided
Answer: D
A statement under Section 180 BNSS (corresponding to Section 161 CrPC) is not signed and can be used, subject to the prescribed conditions, only to contradict the witness, not as substantive evidence.
Q104Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 472 of the BNSS, 2023, a convict under sentence of death, or his legal heir or relative, may file a mercy petition before the President or the Governor within how many days of being informed by the jail Superintendent of the dismissal of the appeal or the confirmation of the death sentence?

aSeven days
bNinety days
cThirty days
dFifteen days
Answer: C
Section 472 BNSS, a new provision prescribing a mercy-petition mechanism, requires the petition to be filed within thirty days from the date the jail Superintendent informs the convict of the relevant dismissal or confirmation.
Q105Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The inherent powers of the High Court—to prevent abuse of the process of any court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice—are saved under which provision of the BNSS, 2023?

aSection 531
bSection 482
cSection 483
dSection 528
Answer: D
Section 528 BNSS (corresponding to Section 482 CrPC) preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to give effect to orders, prevent abuse of process and secure the ends of justice.
Q106Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

For the first time, a distinct provision punishing 'mob lynching' - murder by a group of five or more persons acting in concert on the ground of race, caste, community, sex, place of birth, language or personal belief - has been introduced in the BNS, 2023 in -

aSection 111(2)
bSection 101(2)
cSection 103(2)
dSection 117(2)
Answer: C
Section 103(2) BNS makes such group murder punishable with death or imprisonment for life and fine, a provision that had no direct equivalent in the IPC.
Q107Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the BNS, 2023, the offence of 'snatching' has been introduced as a distinct offence. It is dealt with in -

aSection 309
bSection 304
cSection 303
dSection 310
Answer: B
Section 304 BNS defines snatching - where the offender suddenly, quickly or forcibly seizes or grabs movable property to commit theft. Theft itself is defined in Section 303.
Q108Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the BNS, 2023, 'dacoity' is committed when robbery is conjointly committed or attempted by -

aTwo or more persons
bThree or more persons
cFive or more persons
dFour or more persons
Answer: C
Section 310 BNS provides that when five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery, every such person commits dacoity (same numerical threshold as the old IPC Section 391).
Q109Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The offence which under the IPC was known as 'sedition' (Section 124A) has been replaced in the BNS, 2023 by 'Acts endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India', contained in -

aSection 113
bSection 147
cSection 152
dSection 197
Answer: C
Section 152 BNS punishes exciting secession, armed rebellion or subversive activities, etc., with imprisonment for life or up to seven years and fine. The word 'sedition' is not used in the BNS.
Q110Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Match List-I (offence) with List-II (BNS section) and select the correct answer: List-I: (a) Dowry death (b) Cruelty by husband or relative (c) Criminal conspiracy (d) Rape List-II: 1. Section 85 2. Section 80 3. Section 63 4. Section 61

a(a)-2 (b)-1 (c)-4 (d)-3
b(a)-1 (b)-2 (c)-3 (d)-4
c(a)-1 (b)-2 (c)-4 (d)-3
d(a)-2 (b)-1 (c)-3 (d)-4
Answer: A
Dowry death = S.80, cruelty = S.85, criminal conspiracy = S.61 and rape = S.63 under the BNS, 2023.
Q111Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under Section 80 of the BNS, 2023, for a death of a woman to be a 'dowry death', it must occur otherwise than under normal circumstances within -

aThree years of her marriage
bSeven years of her marriage
cFive years of her marriage
dTen years of her marriage
Answer: B
Section 80 BNS retains the seven-year period; the woman must have been subjected to cruelty or harassment in connection with a demand for dowry soon before her death. Minimum punishment is seven years, extendable to life.
Q112Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

'Organised crime' and 'terrorist act' have been introduced for the first time as offences in the BNS, 2023 respectively in -

aSection 152 and Section 113
bSection 113 and Section 117
cSection 111 and Section 113
dSection 109 and Section 111
Answer: C
Section 111 BNS deals with organised crime and Section 113 BNS deals with terrorist act - neither offence existed in the IPC.
Q113Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

'A' attempts to commit suicide with the intent to compel a public servant from discharging his official duty. Under the BNS, 2023, 'A' has committed an offence punishable under -

aSection 224
bSection 226
cNo offence, as attempt to suicide is fully decriminalised
dSection 309
Answer: B
Section 226 BNS specifically punishes an attempt to commit suicide with intent to compel or restrain a public servant from discharging his lawful duty, with simple imprisonment up to one year, fine, both, or community service.
Q114Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Which one of the following is a punishment newly introduced as a form of sentence in Section 4 of the BNS, 2023, which was NOT a recognised punishment under the IPC?

aCommunity service
bImprisonment for life
cForfeiture of property
dSolitary confinement
Answer: A
Community service is a new form of punishment introduced by Section 4 BNS for certain minor offences (such as defamation under Section 356 and petty theft). The others already existed under the IPC.
Q115Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the BNS, 2023, the offences of 'cheating' and 'criminal breach of trust' are respectively dealt with in -

aSection 316 and Section 318
bSection 320 and Section 322
cSection 318 and Section 316
dSection 415 and Section 405
Answer: C
Cheating is dealt with in Section 318 BNS and criminal breach of trust in Section 316 BNS (corresponding to the old IPC Sections 415/420 and 405/406 respectively).
Q116Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

'A', intending to kill 'B', fires a shot at 'B' but misses and kills 'C', whose presence 'A' was unaware of. Under the BNS, 2023, 'A' is liable for the murder of 'C' on the principle embodied in -

aThe doctrine of transferred malice / transfer of intention under Section 101
bSection 26 (act not intended to cause death, done by consent)
cSection 3 (general explanations)
dSection 92 (act done by several persons)
Answer: A
Under the BNS the definition of culpable homicide/murder (Sections 100-101) preserves the doctrine of transferred malice: the intention to kill B is transferred to the resulting death of C, making A guilty of murder.
Q117Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the BNS, 2023, the punishment for 'culpable homicide not amounting to murder' is provided in -

aSection 104
bSection 105
cSection 106
dSection 103
Answer: B
Section 105 BNS prescribes the punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder (the equivalent of old IPC Section 304), while Section 103 punishes murder.
Q118Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Which of the following statements regarding the modes of abetment under Section 45 of the BNS, 2023 is INCORRECT?

aAbetment may be by instigation
bAbetment may be by engaging in a conspiracy for the doing of a thing
cAbetment can only be of an act that is itself an offence
dAbetment may be by intentionally aiding the doing of a thing
Answer: C
Section 45 BNS abets a 'thing', which need not itself be an offence; abetment may be by instigation, conspiracy or intentional aid. Hence statement (d) is incorrect.
Q119Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the BNS, 2023, the offences of 'grievous hurt' and 'criminal intimidation' are respectively dealt with in -

aSection 117 and Section 351
bSection 122 and Section 356
cSection 115 and Section 349
dSection 320 and Section 503
Answer: A
Grievous hurt is dealt with in Section 117 BNS and criminal intimidation in Section 351 BNS (corresponding to old IPC Sections 320/325 and 503/506).
Q120Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the offence of 'snatching' has been introduced for the first time as a distinct offence. Snatching is dealt with under:

aSection 304 BNS
bSection 303 BNS
cSection 309 BNS
dSection 310 BNS
Answer: A
Section 304 BNS defines and punishes snatching, a new offence where theft is committed by suddenly, quickly or forcibly seizing movable property; sub-section (2) prescribes imprisonment up to three years. Theft is in Section 303, robbery in 309 and dacoity in 310.
Q121Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Match List-I (offence) with List-II (BNS section) and select the correct answer using the code below: List-I: (a) Dowry death (b) Punishment for murder (c) Criminal conspiracy (d) Voluntarily causing grievous hurt List-II: 1. Section 61 2. Section 80 3. Section 117 4. Section 103

a(a)-2 (b)-1 (c)-4 (d)-3
b(a)-4 (b)-2 (c)-1 (d)-3
c(a)-2 (b)-4 (c)-3 (d)-1
d(a)-2 (b)-4 (c)-1 (d)-3
Answer: D
Dowry death is Section 80, punishment for murder is Section 103, criminal conspiracy is Section 61 and voluntarily causing grievous hurt is Section 117 of the BNS, 2023.
Q122Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 introduces a specific provision for so-called 'mob lynching'. Where a group of five or more persons acting together commits murder on the ground of race, caste, community, sex, place of birth, language or personal belief, the offence and its punishment are dealt with under:

aSection 117 BNS
bSection 101 BNS
cSection 111 BNS
dSection 103 BNS
Answer: D
Section 103(2) BNS provides that where a group of five or more persons acting in concert commits murder on grounds such as race, caste, sex, language or personal belief, each member shall be punished with death or life imprisonment and fine.
Q123Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

'A', intending to kill 'B', fires a shot at 'B' but misses; the bullet strikes and kills 'C', a bystander whose presence 'A' was unaware of. The principle on which 'A' is held guilty of the murder of 'C' is best described as:

aDoctrine of common intention
bDoctrine of transferred malice
cDoctrine of res ipsa loquitur
dDoctrine of last opportunity
Answer: B
Under the doctrine of transferred malice (transfer of malice), the intention to kill B is transferred to the death actually caused of C, making A liable for murder; the rule is preserved in the BNS as it was under the IPC.
Q124Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Which of the following statements regarding Section 3(5) and Section 190 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 is INCORRECT?

aSection 3(5) (common intention) can be attracted where two or more persons act together
bSection 190 (common object) requires an unlawful assembly of five or more persons
cSection 3(5) by itself creates a substantive offence and provides for its punishment
dCommon intention requires a prior meeting of minds whereas common object may be formed on the spot
Answer: C
Section 3(5) BNS (formerly Section 34 IPC) is only a rule of constructive/joint liability and creates no offence of its own, whereas Section 190 (formerly Section 149 IPC) is itself a substantive offence; statement (c) is therefore incorrect.
Q125Constitution of India

A person not already in the service of the Union or of the State is eligible for direct appointment as a district judge under Article 233(2) only if he has been an advocate or pleader for not less than:

aThree years
bSeven years
cFive years
dTen years
Answer: B
Article 233(2) requires that such a candidate must have been an advocate or pleader for not less than seven years and be recommended by the High Court for appointment.
Q126Constitution of India

Which Article confers on the High Court control over the district courts and courts subordinate thereto, including the posting, promotion and grant of leave to persons belonging to the judicial service of a State?

aArticle 235
bArticle 233
cArticle 237
dArticle 227
Answer: A
Article 235 vests in the High Court control over district courts and courts subordinate thereto, including posting, promotion and grant of leave of persons in the State judicial service. Article 227 deals with the power of superintendence.
Q127Constitution of India

The right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, guaranteed by Article 32, was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as:

aThe heart and soul of the Constitution
bA mere directive principle
cThe cornerstone of federalism
dThe conscience of the Constitution
Answer: A
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described Article 32 as 'the very soul of the Constitution and the very heart of it', as it itself is a guaranteed Fundamental Right to constitutional remedies.
Q128Constitution of India

Which of the following correctly distinguishes the writ jurisdiction of a High Court under Article 226 from that of the Supreme Court under Article 32?

aArticle 226 can be invoked for enforcement of Fundamental Rights as well as for any other legal right, while Article 32 is confined to Fundamental Rights
bArticle 226 can be invoked only for enforcement of Fundamental Rights, while Article 32 is wider
cBoth Articles 226 and 32 are confined strictly to Fundamental Rights
dArticle 32 can be invoked for any legal right, while Article 226 is confined to Fundamental Rights
Answer: A
Article 226 is wider in scope: a High Court may issue writs both for enforcement of Fundamental Rights and 'for any other purpose', whereas Article 32 of the Supreme Court is confined to enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Q129Constitution of India

Fundamental Duties were incorporated into the Constitution of India as Part IV-A by which Constitutional Amendment, on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee?

aThe 24th Amendment, 1971
bThe 42nd Amendment, 1976
cThe 44th Amendment, 1978
dThe 86th Amendment, 2002
Answer: B
Part IV-A (Article 51A) containing the Fundamental Duties was inserted by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, 1976, on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.
Q130Constitution of India

Originally ten in number, the Fundamental Duties under Article 51A were increased to eleven by which amendment, which added the duty of a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to a child between six and fourteen years?

aThe 86th Amendment, 2002
bThe 91st Amendment, 2003
cThe 61st Amendment, 1989
dThe 42nd Amendment, 1976
Answer: A
The 86th Constitutional Amendment, 2002 added clause (k) to Article 51A, raising the number of Fundamental Duties from ten to eleven; the same amendment also inserted Article 21A on the right to education.
Q131Constitution of India

Parliament may, by law, provide for the creation of one or more All India Services common to the Union and the States only if the Rajya Sabha has so declared by a resolution supported by:

aA majority of the total membership of the House
bA simple majority of the members present and voting
cNot less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House
dNot less than two-thirds of the members present and voting
Answer: D
Under Article 312(1), the Rajya Sabha's resolution declaring it necessary or expedient in the national interest must be supported by not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.
Q132Constitution of India

Following the 99th Constitutional Amendment, the National Judicial Appointments Commission was held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court as violative of the basic structure. In which decision was the NJAC struck down?

aIn re Special Reference No. 1 of 1998
bSupreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (2015)
cUnion of India v. Sankalchand Himatlal Sheth
dS.P. Gupta v. Union of India
Answer: B
In Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (2015), the NJAC (99th Amendment and Article 124A) was struck down as violative of the basic structure, restoring the collegium system.
Q133Constitution of India

The residuary power to make laws with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or the State List is vested by the Constitution of India in:

aParliament
bThe State Legislatures
cThe President
dParliament and the State Legislatures jointly
Answer: A
Article 248 read with Entry 97 of the Union List vests exclusive residuary power of legislation in Parliament, reflecting the strong-centre bias of the Indian federal scheme.
Q134Constitution of India

In which case did the Supreme Court of India first propound the doctrine that Parliament's power to amend the Constitution under Article 368 does not extend to altering its basic structure?

aKesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
bMinerva Mills v. Union of India
cIndira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain
dGolak Nath v. State of Punjab
Answer: A
The basic structure doctrine was first propounded by the thirteen-judge bench in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973). Minerva Mills and Indira Nehru Gandhi later applied it.
Q135Constitution of India

The right of minorities, whether based on religion or language, to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice is guaranteed by:

aArticle 25
bArticle 30
cArticle 28
dArticle 29
Answer: B
Article 30(1) guarantees to all minorities, religious or linguistic, the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. Article 29 protects the interests of minorities generally.
Q136Constitution of India

Adjudication of disputes relating to the waters of, or in, any inter-State river or river valley may be provided for by Parliament by law under which Article of the Constitution of India?

aArticle 261
bArticle 280
cArticle 262
dArticle 263
Answer: C
Article 262 empowers Parliament to provide by law for adjudication of inter-State river water disputes and to bar the jurisdiction of courts, including the Supreme Court, in such disputes.
Q137Constitution of India

Which one of the following Fundamental Rights remains enforceable, and cannot be suspended, even during the operation of a Proclamation of Emergency under Article 352?

aThe right to freedom of religion under Article 25
bThe rights conferred by Article 19
cThe right to property
dThe rights conferred by Articles 20 and 21
Answer: D
By virtue of the proviso to Article 359(1), inserted by the 44th Amendment, the rights under Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended even during an Emergency.
Q138Constitution of India

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described which Article of the Constitution of India as its 'heart and soul', being one without which the Constitution would be a nullity?

aArticle 32
bArticle 21
cArticle 14
dArticle 226
Answer: A
Article 32, the right to constitutional remedies enabling direct approach to the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights, was called the heart and soul of the Constitution by Dr. Ambedkar.
Q139Constitution of India

The basic structure doctrine, limiting Parliament's amending power under Article 368, was first propounded by the Supreme Court in which case?

aGolak Nath v. State of Punjab
bWaman Rao v. Union of India
cMinerva Mills v. Union of India
dKesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
Answer: D
In Kesavananda Bharati (1973) the Supreme Court upheld the 24th Amendment but held that Parliament's constituent power under Article 368 cannot alter the basic structure of the Constitution.
Q140Constitution of India

Special provisions with respect to the National Capital Territory of Delhi, including its Legislative Assembly, are contained in which Article of the Constitution?

aArticle 240
bArticle 239AA
cArticle 239A
dArticle 239
Answer: B
Article 239AA, inserted by the Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991, provides for the Legislative Assembly and Council of Ministers of the National Capital Territory of Delhi.
Q141Constitution of India

The protection against being prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once (double jeopardy) is guaranteed under which clause of Article 20?

aArticle 20(3)
bArticle 20(2)
cArticle 22(1)
dArticle 20(1)
Answer: B
Article 20(2) embodies the rule against double jeopardy; clause (1) bars ex post facto laws and clause (3) protects against self-incrimination.
Q142Constitution of India

The words 'Socialist', 'Secular' and 'Integrity' were inserted into the Preamble of the Constitution by which amendment?

aThe Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976
bThe Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978
cThe Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002
dThe Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951
Answer: A
The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added 'Socialist' and 'Secular' to the description of India and changed 'unity of the nation' to 'unity and integrity of the nation'.
Q143Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the relevancy of the opinion of an expert upon a point of foreign law, science, art, or as to identity of handwriting or finger impressions is dealt with by which section?

aSection 45
bSection 51
cSection 61
dSection 39
Answer: D
Section 39 BSA (corresponding to the old Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act) makes the opinion of an expert on foreign law, science, art, handwriting or finger impressions a relevant fact.
Q144Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

A confession made to a police officer, under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, is governed by which provision rendering it inadmissible against the accused?

aSection 22
bSection 23
cSection 24
dSection 26
Answer: B
Section 23(1) BSA provides that no confession made to a police officer shall be proved against a person accused of any offence.
Q145Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, where a fact is deposed to as discovered in consequence of information received from an accused in police custody, so much of such information as distinctly relates to the fact discovered may be proved. This discovery rule appears in:

aSection 24
bThe proviso to Section 23
cSection 22 proviso
dSection 27 as an independent section
Answer: B
Under the BSA the old Section 27 discovery rule has been folded into Section 23 as the proviso to Section 23(2), permitting proof of so much of the information received from an accused in police custody as relates distinctly to the fact discovered.
Q146Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

A statement made by a person as to the cause of his death, or as to any of the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death, in cases in which the cause of that person's death comes into question, is relevant under which section of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

aSection 26
bSection 24
cSection 30
dSection 32
Answer: A
Section 26(a) BSA (corresponding to the old Section 32(1) of the Indian Evidence Act) makes a dying declaration relevant whether the proceeding is civil or criminal.
Q147Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the burden of proving the existence of circumstances bringing the case within any of the General Exceptions in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, or within any special exception, lies on the accused. This is provided in:

aSection 108
bSection 104
cSection 105
dSection 119
Answer: A
Section 108 BSA places the burden of proving that the accused's case falls within an exception (such as a General Exception under the BNS) upon the accused, and the court presumes the absence of such circumstances.
Q148Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

The admissibility of electronic or digital records, requiring the certificate where the record is produced from a computer or communication device, is dealt with under which section of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

aSection 62
bSection 61
cSection 63
dSection 78
Answer: C
Section 63 BSA (corresponding to the old Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act) governs admissibility of electronic records and requires the certificate in the prescribed form under Section 63(4).
Q149Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, an accomplice is declared a competent witness against an accused person, and a conviction is not illegal if it proceeds upon his corroborated testimony. This is provided in:

aSection 119
bSection 158
cSection 124
dSection 138
Answer: D
Section 138 BSA (corresponding to the old Section 133 of the Indian Evidence Act) makes an accomplice a competent witness against an accused; as enacted, it provides that a conviction is not illegal if it proceeds upon the 'corroborated' testimony of an accomplice (a change from the word 'uncorroborated' in Section 133 IEA).
Q150Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the question 'who may testify' (competency of witnesses) is dealt with by which section?

aSection 128
bSection 119
cSection 124
dSection 137
Answer: C
Section 124 BSA provides that all persons are competent to testify unless prevented from understanding the questions or giving rational answers by tender years, extreme old age, disease of body or mind, or any other cause of the same kind.
Q151Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, communications made between husband and wife during marriage are protected from disclosure under:

aSection 124
bSection 137
cSection 128
dSection 129
Answer: C
Section 128 BSA (corresponding to the old Section 122 of the Indian Evidence Act) protects communications during marriage, barring a spouse from being compelled to disclose them without consent.
Q152Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the expression that the Court 'may presume' a fact means that the Court may:

aEither regard such fact as proved, unless and until it is disproved, or call for proof of it
bTreat the fact as conclusively proved and shall not allow evidence to disprove it
cRegard the fact as proved unless and until it is disproved
dRefuse to take notice of the fact unless it is strictly proved
Answer: A
Under Section 2 read with Section 119 BSA, when the Court 'may presume' a fact it may either treat it as proved unless disproved, or may call for proof of it; this is a rebuttable, discretionary presumption.
Q153Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, no particular number of witnesses is required for the proof of any fact. This principle is contained in:

aSection 139
bSection 158
cSection 124
dSection 134
Answer: A
Section 139 BSA (corresponding to the old Section 134 of the Indian Evidence Act) declares that no particular number of witnesses shall in any case be required for the proof of any fact.
Q154Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, facts of which the Court shall take judicial notice need not be proved. The list of such facts is enumerated in:

aSection 52
bSection 61
cSection 54
dSection 51
Answer: A
Section 52 BSA enumerates the facts of which the Court shall take judicial notice; Section 51 states the general rule that judicially noticeable facts need not be proved.
Q155Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, when the Court has to form an opinion as to information transmitted or stored in any computer resource or other electronic or digital form, the opinion of the Examiner of Electronic Evidence referred to in Section 79A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, is a relevant fact under:

aSection 63
bSection 45
cSection 39(2)
dSection 62
Answer: C
Section 39(2) BSA makes relevant the opinion of the Examiner of Electronic Evidence (under Section 79A of the IT Act, 2000) regarding information in any computer resource or electronic/digital form.
Q156Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the relevancy of facts showing motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct of any party is provided in:

aSection 26
bSection 6
cSection 22
dSection 9
Answer: B
Section 6 BSA (corresponding to the old Section 8 of the Indian Evidence Act) makes facts showing motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct relevant.
Q157Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

Which of the following statements regarding the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, is INCORRECT?

aThe Act came into force with effect from 1st July 2024, replacing the Indian Evidence Act, 1872
bAn admission is conclusive proof of the matters admitted and the maker is precluded from disproving it
cThe Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 contains 170 sections in total
dA confession made by a person while in police custody is admissible if made in the immediate presence of a Magistrate
Answer: B
An admission is not conclusive proof of the matters admitted; it may operate as estoppel but is generally open to explanation or rebuttal, so option (d) is incorrect. The BSA has 170 sections, came into force on 1 July 2024, and Section 23(2) permits a confession in custody if made in the immediate presence of a Magistrate.
Q158Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under Section 36 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, where the time for making an application to set aside the award has expired, the arbitral award shall be enforced:

aBy filing a suit on the award before the District Court
bIn accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, in the same manner as if it were a decree of the court
cOnly through execution proceedings under the Arbitration Act, 1940
dOnly after fresh leave of the High Court is obtained
Answer: B
Section 36 provides that an award may be enforced in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, in the same manner as if it were a decree of the court, once the period for a Section 34 challenge has expired.
Q159Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Section 42A, inserted into the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 by the 2019 Amendment, casts an obligation upon the arbitrator, the arbitral institution and the parties to maintain confidentiality of all arbitral proceedings except where disclosure is necessary for:

aInforming the income-tax authorities
bReporting to the Arbitration Council of India in every case
cPublication of the award in law reports
dImplementation and enforcement of the award
Answer: D
Section 42A requires confidentiality of all arbitral proceedings except where disclosure of the award is necessary for the purpose of its implementation and enforcement.
Q160Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under Part III of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, where the parties have not agreed otherwise on the number of conciliators, the conciliation shall be conducted by:

aSuch number as the High Court may appoint
bThree conciliators
cTwo conciliators
dOne conciliator
Answer: D
Section 63 provides that there shall be one conciliator unless the parties agree that there shall be two or three conciliators.
Q161Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, a settlement agreement drawn up and signed in conciliation proceedings:

aIs merely a contract enforceable only by way of a separate suit
bRequires confirmation by a civil court before it becomes binding
cHas the same status and effect as an arbitral award on agreed terms under Section 30
dIs binding only on the conciliator and not on the parties
Answer: C
By virtue of Section 74 read with Section 73, a settlement agreement reached in conciliation has the same status and effect as an arbitral award on agreed terms rendered under Section 30, and is final and binding on the parties.
Q162Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Which of the following correctly states a restriction imposed by Section 80 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 on a conciliator?

aThe conciliator may be produced by either party as a witness in subsequent proceedings
bThe conciliator must act as the arbitrator if conciliation fails
cUnless otherwise agreed, the conciliator shall not act as arbitrator or as counsel of a party in any arbitral or judicial proceeding in respect of the dispute
dThe conciliator may impose a binding decision on the parties
Answer: C
Section 80 provides that, unless otherwise agreed, the conciliator shall not act as arbitrator, representative or counsel of a party in any arbitral or judicial proceeding in respect of the dispute, nor be presented as a witness in such proceedings.
Q163Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Regarding the role of the conciliator under Section 67 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, which statement is correct?

aThe conciliator assists the parties in an independent and impartial manner to reach an amicable settlement and is not bound by the Code of Civil Procedure or the Evidence Act
bThe conciliator must follow the strict rules of evidence in the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam
cThe conciliator decides the dispute and renders a binding award
dThe conciliator can compel the attendance of witnesses
Answer: A
Section 67 provides that the conciliator assists the parties independently and impartially to reach an amicable settlement; he does not adjudicate, and conciliation is not bound by the CPC or the law of evidence.
Q164Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, where the parties to an arbitration agreement fail to determine the number of arbitrators, the arbitral tribunal shall consist of:

aSuch number as the High Court may direct
bTwo arbitrators and an umpire
cThree arbitrators
dA sole arbitrator
Answer: D
Section 10(1) permits parties to fix the number of arbitrators provided it is not an even number; under Section 10(2), failing such determination the tribunal shall consist of a sole arbitrator.
Q165Arbitration & Conciliation Act

An application for setting aside an arbitral award under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 must ordinarily be made within three months from receipt of the award. If prevented by sufficient cause, the Court may entertain it within a further period of, but not thereafter:

aForty-five days
bNinety days
cSixty days
dThirty days
Answer: D
The proviso to Section 34(3) allows condonation of a further period of thirty days only, on showing sufficient cause, and 'but not thereafter' makes this an absolute outer limit excluding Section 5 of the Limitation Act.
Q166Arbitration & Conciliation Act

The power of an arbitral tribunal to rule on its own jurisdiction, including ruling on any objection with respect to the existence or validity of the arbitration agreement, is embodied in which provision of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996?

aSection 11
bSection 5
cSection 8
dSection 16
Answer: D
Section 16 embodies the doctrine of kompetenz-kompetenz, empowering the arbitral tribunal to rule on its own jurisdiction, and treats the arbitration clause as an agreement independent of the main contract.
Q167Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under Section 29A of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, the award in matters other than international commercial arbitration shall be made by the arbitral tribunal within a period of:

aTwelve months from the date of completion of pleadings under Section 23(4)
bTwenty-four months from the date of the arbitration agreement
cSix months from the date the tribunal enters upon the reference
dEighteen months from the date of appointment of the presiding arbitrator
Answer: A
After the 2019 amendment, Section 29A(1) requires the award in domestic arbitrations to be made within twelve months from the date of completion of pleadings under Section 23(4); this may be extended by six months by consent of the parties.
Q168Arbitration & Conciliation Act

A person whose relationship with the parties or the subject-matter of the dispute falls within any category specified in the Seventh Schedule is ineligible to be appointed as an arbitrator. This ineligibility may be waived only by:

aAn express agreement in writing entered into after the dispute has arisen
bAn oral agreement of the parties before the dispute arises
cConduct of the parties indicating implied consent during the proceedings
dAn order of the High Court under Section 11
Answer: A
The proviso to Section 12(5) permits the parties to waive the ineligibility under the Seventh Schedule only by an express agreement in writing subsequent to disputes having arisen between them.
Q169Indian Contract Act

When consent to an agreement is caused by coercion, fraud or misrepresentation, the agreement is:

aVoidable at the option of either party
bVoidable at the option of the party whose consent was so caused
cVoid ab initio
dIllegal
Answer: B
Section 19 provides that an agreement, the consent to which is caused by coercion, fraud or misrepresentation, is voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so induced.
Q170Indian Contract Act

Committing or threatening to commit any act forbidden by the Indian Penal Code, or unlawfully detaining or threatening to detain any property, to the prejudice of any person, with intent to cause him to enter into an agreement, amounts to:

aCoercion
bUndue influence
cMisrepresentation
dFraud
Answer: A
Section 15 defines coercion as committing/threatening any act forbidden by the IPC, or unlawful detention/threat of detention of property, with intent to cause a person to enter into an agreement.
Q171Indian Contract Act

An agreement to do an act impossible in itself is:

aEnforceable with compensation
bVoid
cVoidable
dValid until performance is attempted
Answer: B
The first paragraph of Section 56 lays down that an agreement to do an act impossible in itself is void (initial impossibility).
Q172Indian Contract Act

A contract to perform the promise, or discharge the liability, of a third person in case of his default is:

aA wagering agreement
bA contract of bailment
cA contract of guarantee
dA contract of indemnity
Answer: C
Section 126 defines a 'contract of guarantee' as a contract to perform the promise, or discharge the liability, of a third person in case of his default; the giver is the surety.
Q173Indian Contract Act

A contract by which one party promises to save the other from loss caused to him by the conduct of the promisor himself, or by the conduct of any other person, is called a contract of:

aGuarantee
bAgency
cPledge
dIndemnity
Answer: D
Section 124 defines a contract of indemnity as one by which a party promises to save the other from loss caused by the conduct of the promisor himself or of any other person.
Q174Indian Contract Act

Under Section 171, the right of general lien to retain goods bailed as security for a general balance of account, in the absence of a contract to the contrary, is available to:

aFinders of goods
bAny bailee of goods
cBankers, factors, wharfingers, attorneys of a High Court and policy-brokers
dOnly pledgees and pawnees
Answer: C
Section 171 confers a general lien only on bankers, factors, wharfingers, attorneys of a High Court and policy-brokers; other persons have only a particular lien unless there is an express contract.
Q175Indian Contract Act

The bailment of goods as security for payment of a debt or performance of a promise is called:

aHypothecation
bPledge
cMortgage
dLien
Answer: B
Section 172 defines 'pledge' as the bailment of goods as security for payment of a debt or performance of a promise; the bailor is the pawnor and the bailee the pawnee.
Q176Indian Contract Act

In the absence of a contract to that effect, an agent who enters into a contract on behalf of his principal:

aCan neither personally enforce nor is personally bound by such contract
bIs always personally bound by the contract
cIs personally bound only if the principal is disclosed
dCan personally enforce, and is personally bound by, such contract
Answer: A
Section 230 provides that, absent a contract to that effect, an agent can neither personally enforce contracts entered into on behalf of his principal nor is he personally bound by them.
Q177Indian Contract Act

Where a sum is named in a contract as the amount to be paid in case of breach, the party complaining of breach is entitled to receive from the party in default:

aOnly the actual loss proved, never the named sum
bDouble the sum named as penalty
cThe whole sum named, irrespective of actual loss
dReasonable compensation not exceeding the amount so named
Answer: D
Section 74 entitles the aggrieved party to reasonable compensation not exceeding the amount named (whether termed penalty or otherwise), whether or not actual loss is proved.
Q178Limitation Act

The effect of Section 27 of the Limitation Act, 1963, read with Article 65 of the Schedule, on a suit for possession of immovable property based on title is that:

aOn expiry of the period limited for the suit, the owner's right to the property is itself extinguished
bAdverse possession can never defeat documentary title
cOnly the remedy is barred, the right remaining intact
dThe owner's right to sue revives every twelve years
Answer: A
Section 27 is an exception to the general rule that limitation bars only the remedy: on the expiry of the period limited for a possession suit, the owner's right to the property is extinguished, and adverse possession for 12 years under Article 65 perfects the possessor's title.
Q179Limitation Act

Article 58 of the Schedule to the Limitation Act, 1963, governing a suit to obtain any declaration, prescribes a period of:

aThree years from when the right to sue accrues
bThree years from when the right to sue first accrues
cSix years from the date of the decree
dTwelve years from dispossession
Answer: B
Article 58 fixes a three-year period for declaratory suits, computed from when the right to sue 'first' accrues, distinguishing it from the residuary Article 113 which runs from when the right to sue accrues.
Q180Limitation Act

Where no period of limitation is provided elsewhere in the Schedule, an application is governed by the residuary Article 137 of the Limitation Act, 1963, which prescribes a period of:

aNinety days from the date of the right to apply
bThirty days from when the right to apply accrues
cThree years from when the right to apply accrues
dOne year from the date of the order
Answer: C
Article 137 is the residuary provision for applications not otherwise provided for, fixing three years from the date on which the right to apply accrues.
Q181Limitation Act

Under Section 3 of the Limitation Act, 1963, where a suit is instituted after the prescribed period of limitation, the court is required to:

aDismiss the suit even though limitation has not been set up as a defence
bReturn the plaint for presentation to the proper court
cProceed with the trial and decide the question of limitation after recording evidence
dDismiss the suit only if the defendant pleads the bar of limitation in the written statement
Answer: A
Section 3(1) mandates that every suit, appeal or application made after the prescribed period 'shall be dismissed, although limitation has not been set up as a defence.' The bar is mandatory and the court must apply it suo motu.
Q182Limitation Act

Section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963, permitting extension of the prescribed period on showing 'sufficient cause', applies to:

aSuits and appeals but not applications
bAppeals and applications, but not to suits
cOnly to applications under Order XXI of the CPC
dSuits, appeals and applications alike
Answer: B
Section 5 expressly extends only to appeals and applications (other than those under Order XXI CPC); it does not apply to suits, whose limitation cannot be condoned on sufficient cause.
Q183Limitation Act

In which decision did the Supreme Court hold that the expression 'sufficient cause' in Section 5 of the Limitation Act is elastic enough to enable courts to do substantial justice, and that a liberal approach should be adopted in condoning delay?

aBasawaraj v. Special Land Acquisition Officer
bRamlal v. Rewa Coalfields Ltd.
cCollector, Land Acquisition, Anantnag v. Mst. Katiji
dBalwant Singh v. Jagdish Singh
Answer: C
In Collector, Land Acquisition, Anantnag v. Mst. Katiji, (1987) 2 SCC 107, the Supreme Court laid down that a liberal and justice-oriented approach should ordinarily be taken so that matters are decided on merits rather than defeated by technical delay.
Q184Limitation Act

Where the prescribed period for a suit, appeal or application expires on a day when the court is closed, Section 4 of the Limitation Act provides that it may be instituted, preferred or made:

aOn the day before the court closes
bOn the day when the court reopens
cWithin seven days after the court reopens
dWithin a reasonable time after the court reopens
Answer: B
Section 4 permits the proceeding to be instituted on the day the court reopens when the prescribed period expires on a day the court is closed; the Explanation treats the court as closed if any part of its normal working hours remains closed.
Q185Limitation Act

Under Section 9 of the Limitation Act, 1963, once time has begun to run:

aAny subsequent disability arising in the plaintiff stops it
bIt is suspended during any period of legal disability of the defendant
cIt may be stopped by the court in the interest of justice
dNo subsequent disability or inability to institute a suit or make an application stops it
Answer: D
Section 9 enacts the rule of continuous running of time: once limitation has begun to run, no subsequent disability or inability stops it (subject only to the proviso regarding letters of administration granted to a debtor of the deceased creditor's estate).
Q186Specific Relief Act

Clause (ha) inserted in Section 41 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 by the 2018 amendment provides that an injunction cannot be granted if it would:

aPrevent the breach of a determinable contract
bImpede or delay the progress or completion of any infrastructure project or interfere with continued provision of its facility
cRestrain a public servant from performing statutory duties
dCause hardship to the defendant disproportionate to the benefit to the plaintiff
Answer: B
The newly inserted clause (ha) of Section 41 bars an injunction if it would impede or delay the progress or completion of any infrastructure project or interfere with the continued provision of relevant facility related thereto.
Q187Specific Relief Act

Under Section 21 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 (post-2018 amendment), compensation for breach of contract may be awarded by the court:

aOnly by a Special Court constituted under Section 20B
bIn substitution of specific performance only
cIn addition to specific performance, and not in substitution thereof
dOnly where the plaintiff has expressly claimed it in the plaint and nowhere else
Answer: C
Section 21, as amended in 2018, allows compensation 'in addition to' specific performance, dropping the earlier alternative of compensation 'in substitution of' performance, consistent with the new pro-performance regime.
Q188Specific Relief Act

Under Section 6 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, a person dispossessed without his consent of immovable property otherwise than in due course of law must bring a suit for recovery of possession within:

aOne year from the date of dispossession
bSix months from the date of dispossession
cThree years from the date of dispossession
dTwelve years from the date of dispossession
Answer: B
Section 6(2)(a) bars a suit under that section brought after the expiry of six months from the date of dispossession.
Q189Specific Relief Act

Which of the following is correct regarding a suit instituted under Section 6 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963?

aNo such suit shall be brought against the Government, and no appeal or review lies from any order or decree passed therein
bA first appeal lies, but no second appeal lies
cThe suit may be brought against the Government but a review is barred
dBoth an appeal and a review lie as of right
Answer: A
Section 6(3) bars any appeal or review from a decree under that section, and Section 6(4) provides that no such suit shall be brought against the Government.
Q190Commercial Courts Act, 2015

Where the subject-matter of an arbitration is a commercial dispute of a Specified Value and is an international commercial arbitration, applications and appeals under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 filed in a High Court shall, under Section 10, be heard by:

aThe Principal Civil Court of original jurisdiction in the district
bThe Commercial Court at the District level
cThe District Judge exercising original civil jurisdiction
dThe Commercial Division of that High Court, where constituted
Answer: D
Section 10(1) provides that for international commercial arbitration, applications/appeals filed in a High Court are heard by the Commercial Division of that High Court where such Division has been constituted.
Q191Commercial Courts Act, 2015

The Supreme Court in Ambalal Sarabhai Enterprises Ltd. v. K.S. Infraspace LLP (2020) interpreted the expression "immovable property used exclusively in trade or commerce" in the definition of commercial dispute to mean property:

aLikely to be used in trade or commerce in future
bActually and presently used in trade or commerce
cReady to be used or to be used in trade or commerce
dCapable of being used in trade or commerce
Answer: B
In Ambalal Sarabhai Enterprises (2020) the Supreme Court held that the property must be "actually used" in trade or commerce, and not merely "likely to be used", "ready to be used" or "to be used".
Q192Commercial Courts Act, 2015

Under Section 12 of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, for a suit for recovery of money, the Specified Value of the commercial dispute is determined by:

aThe market value of the security furnished for the loan
bThe value estimated by the Commercial Court after hearing parties
cThe principal sum only, excluding any interest
dThe money sought to be recovered, inclusive of interest, if any, computed up to the date of filing of the suit
Answer: D
Section 12(1)(a) provides that in a suit for recovery of money the Specified Value is the money sought to be recovered including interest, if any, computed up to the date of filing of the suit or application.
Q193Partnership / LLP Act

The goodwill of a partnership business, subject to contract between the partners, is treated under the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 as:

athe separate property of the senior-most partner
bproperty of the firm only if separately registered
cincapable of being sold on dissolution
dproperty of the firm and includible in its property under Section 14
Answer: D
Section 14 expressly includes the goodwill of the business within the property of the firm, subject to contract between the partners.
Q194Partnership / LLP Act

Under Section 42 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, subject to contract between the partners, a firm is dissolved on:

athe death of a partner
bthe admission of a new partner
cthe retirement of a partner
da mere disagreement among the partners
Answer: A
Section 42, subject to contract between the partners, provides for dissolution of a firm on the death of a partner (among other contingencies such as expiry of term, completion of the venture, or insolvency of a partner).
Q195Partnership / LLP Act

In settling the accounts of a firm after dissolution under Section 48 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, losses including deficiencies of capital shall be paid:

awholly by the partners individually in equal shares
bfirst out of capital, then out of profits, and lastly by partners individually
cfirst out of profits, next out of capital, and lastly by partners individually
dfirst by the partners individually and then out of capital
Answer: C
Section 48(b)(i) prescribes that losses, including deficiencies of capital, shall be paid first out of profits, next out of capital, and lastly, if necessary, by the partners individually in their profit-sharing proportions.
Q196POCSO Act

In Just Rights for Children Alliance v. S. Harish (2024), the Supreme Court held that mere viewing, storing or possessing child sexual exploitative and abusive material, even without distribution, is an offence under which provision of the POCSO Act?

aSection 12
bSection 21
cSection 15
dSection 29
Answer: C
The Supreme Court, overturning the Madras High Court, held that even constructive possession of such material is punishable under Section 15 of the POCSO Act read with the IT Act.
Q197POCSO Act

Under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, the expression 'child' as defined in Section 2(1)(d) means any person below the age of -

asixteen years
bfourteen years
ctwenty-one years
deighteen years
Answer: D
Section 2(1)(d) of the POCSO Act, 2012 defines a 'child' as any person below the age of eighteen years, and consent is immaterial below this age.
Q198Transfer of Property / Property Law / Easements

Under Section 122 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, for a gift of immovable property to be valid, acceptance by or on behalf of the donee must be made:

aWithin a reasonable time after registration, irrespective of the donor's death
bOnly after the donee has taken physical possession
cAt any time before the death of the donee
dDuring the lifetime of the donor and while he is still capable of giving
Answer: D
Section 122 defines gift as a voluntary transfer of existing property without consideration, accepted by or on behalf of the donee. The proviso requires that acceptance be made during the lifetime of the donor and while he is still capable of giving; if the donee dies before acceptance, the gift is void.

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