Delhi Judiciary · Prelims Mock Test 9

Delhi Judiciary Mock Test 9 — Questions & Solutions

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Q1General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

A sum of money becomes Rs. 11,000 in 2 years and Rs. 12,000 in 4 years at simple interest. What is the principal sum?

aRs. 9,000
bRs. 10,500
cRs. 9,500
dRs. 10,000
Answer: D
The interest for 2 years is Rs. 12,000 minus Rs. 11,000 = Rs. 1,000, so the interest for 2 years on the original amount is also Rs. 1,000; thus the principal is Rs. 11,000 minus Rs. 1,000 = Rs. 10,000.
Q2General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Find the number that completes the series: 3, 6, 11, 18, 27, __?

a40
b38
c42
d36
Answer: B
The differences between successive terms are 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 (consecutive odd numbers); adding 11 to 27 gives 38.
Q3General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who assumed office as the 53rd Chief Justice of India, taking oath on 24 November 2025?

aJustice D. Y. Chandrachud
bJustice Sanjiv Khanna
cJustice Surya Kant
dJustice B. R. Gavai
Answer: C
Justice Surya Kant was sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India on 24 November 2025, succeeding CJI B. R. Gavai, with a tenure scheduled to run until 9 February 2027.
Q4General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The 2025 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to which of the following?

aMaria Corina Machado
bVolodymyr Zelenskyy
cNarges Mohammadi
dNihon Hidankyo
Answer: A
The Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize to Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado for her work promoting democratic rights and a peaceful transition to democracy in Venezuela.
Q5General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who assumed charge as the Chief Election Commissioner of India in February 2025?

aAnup Chandra Pandey
bSushil Chandra
cRajiv Kumar
dGyanesh Kumar
Answer: D
Gyanesh Kumar, a 1988-batch IAS officer, assumed office as the Chief Election Commissioner of India on 19 February 2025, succeeding Rajiv Kumar.
Q6General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Which team won the ICC Men's Champions Trophy 2025, held in Pakistan and the UAE?

aNew Zealand
bPakistan
cAustralia
dIndia
Answer: D
India defeated New Zealand by four wickets in the final at the Dubai International Cricket Stadium to win the 2025 Champions Trophy, becoming the most successful side in the tournament's history with three titles.
Q7General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

On 23 August 2023, India's Chandrayaan-3 achieved a historic feat by becoming the first nation to soft-land a spacecraft near which region of the Moon?

aThe south pole region
bThe lunar equator
cThe Sea of Tranquillity
dThe far side of the Moon
Answer: A
Chandrayaan-3 soft-landed on 23 August 2023, making India the fourth country to land on the Moon and the first to achieve a soft landing near the lunar south pole region.
Q8General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The legal maxim 'actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea' conveys which of the following principles?

aHe who comes to equity must come with clean hands
bLet the buyer beware
cAn act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty
dNo person shall be a judge in his own cause
Answer: C
The maxim means 'an act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty', expressing that criminal liability ordinarily requires both a guilty act (actus reus) and a guilty mind (mens rea).
Q9General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

In jurisprudence, the proposition that law is 'the command of the sovereign backed by sanction' is most closely associated with which jurist?

aHans Kelsen
bFriedrich Carl von Savigny
cRoscoe Pound
dJohn Austin
Answer: D
John Austin's analytical/positivist theory defined law as the command of a determinate sovereign, addressed to subjects and backed by the threat of a sanction.
Q10General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The maxim 'ubi jus ibi remedium' stands for which proposition?

aA thing decided is to be treated as the truth
bIgnorance of law is no excuse
cNo one can transfer a better title than he himself has
dWhere there is a right, there is a remedy
Answer: D
'Ubi jus ibi remedium' means that where the law confers a right, it also provides a remedy for the infringement of that right.
Q11General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The Latin maxim 'audi alteram partem', a cornerstone of natural justice, requires that:

aThe law does not concern itself with trifles
bThe other side must also be heard before a decision is taken
cNo one shall profit from his own wrong
dAn agreement without consideration is void
Answer: B
'Audi alteram partem' literally means 'hear the other side'; it embodies the rule of natural justice that no person should be condemned unheard.
Q12General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Choose the word most nearly SIMILAR in meaning to 'ABROGATE'.

aPostpone
bRatify
cAmend
dAbolish
Answer: D
To 'abrogate' means to repeal or do away with a law or agreement formally; therefore 'abolish' is the closest synonym, while 'ratify' is its opposite.
Q13General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Choose the word most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to 'FRIVOLOUS'.

aSerious
bPetty
cFlippant
dTrivial
Answer: A
'Frivolous' means lacking seriousness or of little weight; its antonym is 'serious'. The other options are near-synonyms of frivolous.
Q14General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

In a certain code, COURT is written as DPVSU. How is JUDGE written in the same code?

aKVEHF
bKVEGF
cIVEHF
dKWEHF
Answer: A
Each letter of the word is shifted one place forward in the alphabet (C to D, O to P, etc.). Applying the same rule to JUDGE gives K-V-E-H-F.
Q15General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

A sum of money becomes Rs. 12,100 in 2 years at 10% per annum compound interest, compounded annually. What was the original sum?

aRs. 11,000
bRs. 10,000
cRs. 10,500
dRs. 9,500
Answer: B
Using A = P(1 + r/100)^n, 12100 = P x (1.1)^2 = P x 1.21, so P = 12100 / 1.21 = Rs. 10,000.
Q16General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The Indian Penal Code, 1860 has been replaced, with effect from 1 July 2024, by which of the following enactments?

aBharatiya Dand Sanhita, 2023
bBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
cBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
dBharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
Answer: B
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 came into force on 1 July 2024 and replaced the IPC, 1860; the BNSS replaced the CrPC and the BSA replaced the Evidence Act.
Q17General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Which team won the ICC Champions Trophy 2025?

aAustralia
bPakistan
cNew Zealand
dIndia
Answer: D
India defeated New Zealand by four wickets in the final at the Dubai International Cricket Stadium on 9 March 2025 to win their third Champions Trophy title.
Q18General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 was awarded to:

aVolodymyr Zelenskyy
bNihon Hidankyo
cNarges Mohammadi
dMaría Corina Machado
Answer: D
Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado was awarded the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize for her work promoting democratic rights and a peaceful transition to democracy in Venezuela.
Q19General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023, popularly called the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, provides for the reservation of seats for women to the extent of:

aOne-fourth of the total seats
bOne-fifth of the total seats
cOne-half of the total seats
dOne-third of the total seats
Answer: D
The 106th Amendment reserves, as nearly as may be, one-third of the seats filled by direct election in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies (and the Delhi Assembly) for women.
Q20General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who, as of June 2026, is the Chief Justice of the High Court of Delhi?

aJustice Manmohan
bJustice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya
cJustice D. N. Patel
dJustice Satish Chandra Sharma
Answer: B
Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya assumed charge as Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court on 21 January 2025 and continues in that office.
Q21General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The 2025 Booker Prize (for fiction) was awarded to David Szalay for which novel?

aFlesh
bOrbital
cThe Bee Sting
dProphet Song
Answer: A
Hungarian-British author David Szalay won the 2025 Booker Prize for his novel 'Flesh', announced in November 2025.
Q22General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who, as of June 2026, is the Secretary-General of the United Nations?

aAntónio Guterres
bKofi Annan
cAmina J. Mohammed
dBan Ki-moon
Answer: A
António Guterres of Portugal is serving his second five-year term as UN Secretary-General, which runs until 31 December 2026.
Q23General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Choose the word that is most nearly SIMILAR in meaning to 'PERFUNCTORY':

aThorough
bCareless
cDeliberate
dEnthusiastic
Answer: B
'Perfunctory' means done routinely and with little care or interest; 'careless' (cursory/superficial) is the closest synonym, while 'thorough' and 'deliberate' are antonyms.
Q24General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Choose the word that is most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to 'EPHEMERAL':

aMomentary
bEverlasting
cFleeting
dTransient
Answer: B
'Ephemeral' means lasting for a very short time; its antonym is 'everlasting'. 'Fleeting', 'transient' and 'momentary' are all synonyms of ephemeral.
Q25General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

Who assumed office as the 53rd Chief Justice of India in November 2025?

aJustice Sanjiv Khanna
bJustice Surya Kant
cJustice D.Y. Chandrachud
dJustice B.R. Gavai
Answer: B
Justice Surya Kant took oath as the 53rd Chief Justice of India on 24 November 2025, succeeding Justice B.R. Gavai, and is due to remain in office until February 2027.
Q26General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

The principle of natural justice expressed by the maxim 'audi alteram partem' requires that:

aThe act of the court shall prejudice no one
bNo one shall be a judge in his own cause
cA right cannot arise out of a wrong
dNo person should be condemned unheard
Answer: D
'Audi alteram partem' literally means 'hear the other side'; it embodies the rule that no person should be condemned, penalised or deprived of rights without being given a fair opportunity of being heard.
Q27General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

According to the analytical school of jurisprudence associated with John Austin, law is best described as:

aA command of the sovereign backed by a sanction
bThe product of the silent growth of custom and the national spirit
cThe will of God revealed to man
dWhatever maximises social welfare
Answer: A
Austin's imperative theory defines law as the command of a determinate sovereign, addressed to subjects and backed by the threat of a sanction; this is the core of the analytical (positivist) school.
Q28General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

As of 2026, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, serving his second term, is:

aKofi Annan
bBoutros Boutros-Ghali
cBan Ki-moon
dAntonio Guterres
Answer: D
Antonio Guterres of Portugal, the ninth UN Secretary-General, took office on 1 January 2017 and is serving his second five-year term, which runs until the end of 2026.
Q29General Knowledge / Current Legal Affairs / Aptitude (incl. jurisprudence, legal maxims)

A clock loses 5 minutes every hour. If it is set correctly at 12:00 noon, what time will the clock show when the actual time is 12:00 midnight the same day?

a11:15 p.m.
b11:00 p.m.
c11:30 p.m.
d10:30 p.m.
Answer: B
Over the 12 actual hours the clock loses 5 minutes per hour, i.e. 60 minutes (1 hour) in total, so it shows one hour less than midnight, namely 11:00 p.m.
Q30English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word MOST NEARLY OPPOSITE in meaning to: GREGARIOUS

aSociable
bAffable
cReclusive
dConvivial
Answer: C
'Gregarious' means fond of company and sociable; its antonym is 'reclusive', meaning withdrawn and solitary. The other options are synonyms of gregarious.
Q31English Language & Comprehension

Choose the meaning of the idiom: 'To beg the question'.

aTo avoid answering a direct question
bTo assume the truth of the very point under dispute
cTo request someone politely for a favour
dTo raise an urgent enquiry
Answer: B
In its logical sense, 'to beg the question' means to assume as proven the very conclusion one is supposed to prove, i.e. circular reasoning.
Q32English Language & Comprehension

Select the word that correctly fills the blank: 'The witness gave a ______ account, omitting no relevant detail.'

agarbled
blaconic
ccircumstantial
devasive
Answer: C
'Circumstantial' here means full of detail and circumstances; it fits an account that omits no relevant detail. 'Laconic' means terse, while 'garbled' and 'evasive' imply distortion or avoidance.
Q33English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that correctly converts the sentence into indirect speech: She said, "I will appeal against this order tomorrow."

aShe said that she will appeal against that order tomorrow.
bShe said that she would appeal against that order tomorrow.
cShe said that I would appeal against this order the next day.
dShe said that she would appeal against that order the next day.
Answer: D
In reported speech 'will' becomes 'would', 'this' becomes 'that', and 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day'. Only option (b) applies all three changes correctly.
Q34English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that means: 'Capable of being understood in two or more possible senses, and therefore unclear.'

aAmphibious
bAmbivalent
cAmbiguous
dAmbient
Answer: C
'Ambiguous' describes language open to more than one interpretation. 'Ambivalent' refers to mixed feelings, not unclear meaning; the other words are unrelated.
Q35English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that is most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in capitals: ABROGATE

aRepeal
bAbolish
cNullify
dEstablish
Answer: D
To 'abrogate' means to abolish or repeal (a law) formally; its antonym is 'establish' (to bring into being). Options (b), (c) and (d) are synonyms of abrogate.
Q36English Language & Comprehension

Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: 'Neither the judge nor the lawyers (a)/ was aware (b)/ that the witness (c)/ had already been examined. (d)'

ahad already been examined.
bNeither the judge nor the lawyers
cthat the witness
dwas aware
Answer: D
With 'neither ... nor', the verb agrees with the nearer subject, which here is plural ('the lawyers'); hence 'was aware' should be 'were aware'.
Q37English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate word: 'The defence counsel tried to ______ the credibility of the prosecution's key witness during cross-examination.'

aimpede
bimply
cimpeach
dimplore
Answer: C
To 'impeach' a witness means to challenge or call into question their credibility, which fits the legal context exactly. 'Impede' (obstruct), 'implore' (beg) and 'imply' (suggest) do not fit.
Q38English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that best completes the analogy: ACQUITTAL : INNOCENCE :: CONVICTION : ______

aBail
bSentence
cGuilt
dAppeal
Answer: C
An acquittal is the legal recognition of innocence; analogously, a conviction is the legal recognition of guilt. The relationship is verdict-to-state-it-establishes.
Q39English Language & Comprehension

Select the option that correctly rewrites the sentence in the passive voice: 'The court has dismissed the petition.'

aThe petition was dismissed by the court.
bThe petition has been dismissed by the court.
cThe petition is being dismissed by the court.
dThe petition had been dismissed by the court.
Answer: B
Present perfect active 'has dismissed' becomes 'has been dismissed' in the passive, preserving the tense. The object 'petition' becomes the subject.
Q40English Language & Comprehension

Choose the meaning of the idiom: 'To turn a blind eye.'

aTo deliberately ignore something wrong
bTo act without thinking
cTo stare intently at someone
dTo lose one's eyesight suddenly
Answer: A
'To turn a blind eye' means to pretend not to notice or to deliberately ignore something one knows to be wrong.
Q41English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word most similar in meaning to the word in capitals: CANDID

aFrank
bCautious
cIndifferent
dSly
Answer: A
'Candid' means honest and straightforward, i.e., frank. 'Sly' is its near-opposite, while 'cautious' and 'indifferent' are unrelated.
Q42English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: 'The accused was charged ______ criminal breach of trust.'

ain
bwith
cfor
dof
Answer: B
The standard collocation is 'charged with' an offence (one is charged with a crime, but accused of a crime).
Q43English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that gives the correct one-word substitution for: 'A statement that is obviously self-contradictory yet may be true.'

aPun
bParadox
cEuphemism
dAnomaly
Answer: B
A 'paradox' is a seemingly self-contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true. A 'euphemism' softens harsh wording, and an 'anomaly' is merely a deviation from the norm.
Q44English Language & Comprehension

Choose the correct synonym for the word in capitals: CONCISE

aVerbose
bDetailed
cBrief
dAmbiguous
Answer: C
'Concise' means expressed in few words, i.e., brief. 'Verbose' and 'detailed' are opposites, and 'ambiguous' is unrelated.
Q45English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the correct word: 'The two parties finally reached an ______ settlement, avoiding a lengthy trial.'

aamiable
bambiguous
camenable
damicable
Answer: D
An 'amicable' settlement is one reached in a friendly, non-hostile manner. 'Amiable' describes a friendly person, 'amenable' means willing to comply, and 'ambiguous' means unclear.
Q46English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that correctly converts the direct speech to indirect speech: The judge said to the witness, 'You may step down now.'

aThe judge told the witness that he might step down then.
bThe judge said the witness that he may step down now.
cThe judge told the witness that you may step down now.
dThe judge told to the witness that he might step down then.
Answer: A
In indirect speech 'may' becomes 'might', 'you' becomes 'he' (the witness), and 'now' becomes 'then'. 'Told' takes a direct object without 'to'.
Q47English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word that is the antonym of the word in capitals: FRIVOLOUS

aSerious
bPetty
cTrivial
dPlayful
Answer: A
'Frivolous' means not having any serious purpose or value; its antonym is 'serious'. 'Trivial' and 'petty' are synonyms of frivolous.
Q48English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that best fills the blank: 'Neither the judges nor the registrar ______ aware that the cause-list had been altered.'

aare
bwere
chave been
dwas
Answer: D
With 'neither...nor', the verb agrees with the nearer subject. 'The registrar' is singular, so the correct verb is 'was'.
Q49English Language & Comprehension

Identify the word that is the antonym of 'EXONERATE'.

aAbsolve
bAcquit
cVindicate
dIncriminate
Answer: D
'Exonerate' means to clear of blame. Its opposite is 'incriminate', meaning to make someone appear guilty; the other options are synonyms of exonerate.
Q50English Language & Comprehension

Choose the word nearest in meaning to the idiom 'to give the benefit of the doubt'.

ato presume innocence in an uncertain case
bto delay a verdict indefinitely
cto condemn outright
dto demand more evidence aggressively
Answer: A
To 'give the benefit of the doubt' means to treat someone as innocent or honest where the evidence is uncertain.
Q51English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition: 'The accused was charged ______ criminal breach of trust.'

awith
bof
con
dfor
Answer: A
One is 'charged with' an offence. 'Charged for' relates to payment, not to an accusation.
Q52English Language & Comprehension

Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: 'Each of the witnesses (a)/ were cross-examined (b)/ thoroughly by the (c)/ defence counsel. (d)'

awere cross-examined
bEach of the witnesses
cthoroughly by the
ddefence counsel.
Answer: A
'Each' is singular and takes a singular verb, so 'were' should be 'was'.
Q53English Language & Comprehension

Choose the correct synonym for 'PERFUNCTORY'.

aMeticulous
bSuperficial
cRigorous
dEnthusiastic
Answer: B
'Perfunctory' means done routinely and without care; 'superficial' is its closest synonym.
Q54English Language & Comprehension

Select the option that correctly changes the sentence to passive voice: 'The Bench delivered the judgment.'

aThe judgment is delivered by the Bench.
bThe judgment was being delivered by the Bench.
cThe judgment had delivered by the Bench.
dThe judgment was delivered by the Bench.
Answer: D
A simple past active sentence becomes 'was/were + past participle' in the passive, giving 'The judgment was delivered by the Bench.'
Q55English Language & Comprehension

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate word: 'The clause was so ______ that it admitted of two contradictory interpretations.'

acategorical
blucid
cambiguous
dexplicit
Answer: C
A clause allowing two contradictory readings is 'ambiguous'; the other words mean clear or definite.
Q56English Language & Comprehension

Choose the option that best completes the sentence: 'Had the appellant filed the appeal in time, the limitation objection ______.'

awould not have arisen
bwill not arise
cdid not arise
dwould not arise
Answer: A
A third conditional with 'Had + past participle' requires 'would have + past participle' in the main clause: 'would not have arisen'.
Q57Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A defendant against whom an ex parte decree has been passed and who satisfies the court that the summons was not duly served, or that he was prevented by sufficient cause from appearing, may apply to have the decree set aside under:

aOrder IX Rule 13
bOrder IX Rule 9
cOrder XXIII Rule 1
dOrder IX Rule 6
Answer: A
Order IX Rule 13 enables a defendant to apply for setting aside an ex parte decree on proof of non-service of summons or sufficient cause for non-appearance. Order IX Rule 9 deals with dismissal for the plaintiff's default.
Q58Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where one of two or more defendants dies and the right to sue survives against the surviving defendants alone, the court shall:

aCause the suit to proceed against the surviving defendants without substitution
bStrike off the plaint under Order VII Rule 11
cTreat the suit as abated against all the defendants
dStay the suit until legal representatives are brought on record
Answer: A
Under Order XXII Rule 2, where the right to sue survives against the surviving defendants, the court records the death and the suit proceeds against the survivors; no question of abatement arises in that situation.
Q59Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A plaintiff who, without the permission of the court, withdraws from a suit or abandons part of his claim:

aMay continue the abandoned part at the appellate stage
bMust pay only nominal costs but retains liberty to sue afresh
cIs precluded from instituting a fresh suit in respect of the same subject matter
dMay institute a fresh suit on the same cause of action as of right
Answer: C
Under Order XXIII Rule 1, a plaintiff who withdraws or abandons without the court's permission to file a fresh suit is precluded from instituting a fresh suit in respect of the same subject matter.
Q60Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A suit for the recovery of immovable property, or for the determination of any right to or interest in immovable property, shall ordinarily be instituted in the court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction:

aThe cause of action wholly or in part arises
bThe property is situate
cThe defendant resides or carries on business
dThe plaintiff resides
Answer: B
Section 16 CPC requires suits relating to immovable property (recovery, partition, foreclosure, etc.) to be instituted where the property is situate. Section 20 (residence of defendant/cause of action) applies to other suits.
Q61Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under the Code of Civil Procedure, the general power of a High Court or District Court to transfer or withdraw any suit, appeal or other proceeding pending before it or any subordinate court is contained in:

aSection 25
bSection 22
cSection 24
dSection 23
Answer: C
Section 24 confers the general power of transfer and withdrawal of suits, appeals and proceedings on the High Court and District Court. Section 25 deals with transfer of a suit from one State to another by the Supreme Court.
Q62Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where it appears to the court that there exist elements of a settlement which may be acceptable to the parties, the court may formulate the terms and refer the dispute for arbitration, conciliation, judicial settlement including Lok Adalat, or mediation. This power is conferred by:

aSection 80
bSection 96
cSection 89
dOrder XXXII-A
Answer: C
Section 89 CPC empowers the court, where it sees elements of a settlement, to refer the dispute to arbitration, conciliation, judicial settlement (including Lok Adalat) or mediation.
Q63Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A temporary injunction to restrain a defendant from committing a breach or causing injury to property in dispute pending the suit may be granted by the court under:

aOrder XXXIX Rules 1 and 2
bOrder XXVI Rules 9 and 10
cOrder XL Rule 1
dOrder XXXVIII Rules 5 and 6
Answer: A
Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 govern the grant of temporary injunctions; Order XXXVIII deals with attachment before judgment and Order XL with appointment of a receiver.
Q64Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Nothing in the Code of Civil Procedure shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect the inherent power of the court to make such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of the process of the court. This saving of inherent powers is contained in:

aSection 94
bSection 148
cSection 141
dSection 151
Answer: D
Section 151 CPC saves the inherent powers of the court to make orders necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of process; it is residuary and not a source of substantive power.
Q65Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Section 2(2) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, a 'decree' is preliminary when:

aIt conclusively determines the rights of the parties and completely disposes of the suit
bIt is the formal expression of a decision which is not a decree
cIt is passed only in a suit for partition of immovable property
dFurther proceedings have to be taken before the suit can be completely disposed of
Answer: D
Section 2(2) provides that a decree may be preliminary or final; it is preliminary when further proceedings have to be taken before the suit can be completely disposed of. Option (d) actually describes an 'order' under Section 2(14).
Q66Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A plaint which appears from the statement in the plaint to be barred by any law is liable to be rejected by the Court under:

aOrder VII Rule 11(a) CPC
bOrder VII Rule 11(b) CPC
cOrder VII Rule 11(d) CPC
dOrder VI Rule 16 CPC
Answer: C
Order VII Rule 11(d) provides for rejection of a plaint where the suit appears from the statement in the plaint to be barred by any law; clause (a) deals with non-disclosure of a cause of action.
Q67Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

An application to set aside an ex parte decree under Order IX Rule 13 CPC must, under Article 123 of the Limitation Act, 1963, ordinarily be made within:

aSixty days from the date of the decree
bSix months from the date of the decree
cThirty days from the date of the decree
dNinety days from the date of the decree
Answer: C
Article 123 of the Limitation Act, 1963 prescribes a limitation of thirty days for an application under Order IX Rule 13 to set aside an ex parte decree, running from the date of the decree (or, where summons was not duly served, from knowledge of the decree).
Q68Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

No appeal lies from a decree passed by the Court with the consent of the parties by virtue of:

aSection 100A CPC
bSection 96(1) CPC
cSection 96(3) CPC
dSection 96(2) CPC
Answer: C
Section 96(3) bars an appeal from a decree passed by the Court with the consent of parties (a consent or compromise decree).
Q69Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A second appeal to the High Court under Section 100 CPC lies only where the High Court is satisfied that the case involves:

aAny question of fact wrongly decided by the first appellate court
bAn error apparent on the face of the record
cA substantial question of law
dA mixed question of law and fact
Answer: C
After the 1976 amendment, Section 100 permits a second appeal only if the High Court is satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law, which must be formulated.
Q70Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where a decree is varied or reversed in appeal, the Court which passed the decree shall, on the application of a party entitled to a benefit by way of restitution, place the parties in the position they would have occupied but for the decree. This power flows from:

aSection 151 CPC
bSection 152 CPC
cSection 114 CPC
dSection 144 CPC
Answer: D
Section 144 CPC embodies the doctrine of restitution, enabling the Court that passed the decree to restore parties to their former position when the decree is varied, reversed, set aside or modified.
Q71Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

No suit shall be instituted against the Government in respect of any act purporting to be done by a public officer in his official capacity until the expiration of a notice in writing, under Section 80 CPC, of:

aOne month
bSix months
cTwo months
dThree months
Answer: C
Section 80(1) CPC requires that a written notice be delivered and a period of two months expire before a suit is instituted against the Government or a public officer for acts done in official capacity.
Q72Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Which of the following is NOT one of the modes of settlement of disputes outside the Court enumerated in Section 89 CPC?

aJudicial settlement including settlement through Lok Adalat
bArbitration
cReference to a Commissioner for trial of the suit
dConciliation
Answer: C
Section 89 CPC lists arbitration, conciliation, judicial settlement (including through Lok Adalat) and mediation; reference to a Commissioner for trial of the suit is not a mode under Section 89.
Q73Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A garnishee order, by which the Court attaches a debt due to the judgment-debtor from a third person and prohibits that person from paying it to the judgment-debtor, is provided under:

aOrder XXI Rule 46 CPC
bOrder XXI Rule 58 CPC
cOrder XXI Rule 64 CPC
dOrder XXI Rule 54 CPC
Answer: A
Attachment of a debt (other than one secured by a mortgage or charge) due to the judgment-debtor, the basis of the garnishee procedure, is dealt with under Order XXI Rule 46 (and Rules 46A to 46I) CPC.
Q74Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

In a suit for partition of immovable property assessed to the payment of revenue to the Government, where the partition cannot be conveniently made without further inquiry, the Court passes a preliminary decree declaring the rights of the parties under:

aOrder XX Rule 12 CPC
bOrder XXXIV Rule 2 CPC
cOrder XX Rule 18 CPC
dOrder XXVI Rule 13 CPC
Answer: C
Order XX Rule 18 CPC governs decrees in suits for partition of property; the Court may pass a preliminary decree declaring the rights of the several parties and giving directions for the actual partition.
Q75Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

An adjudication in a former suit will operate as res judicata between co-defendants only if, among other conditions:

aThere is a conflict of interest between the co-defendants and its decision is necessary to grant relief to the plaintiff
bThe co-defendants had no conflict of interest among themselves
cThe co-defendants were merely pro forma parties to the suit
dThe plaintiff had abandoned his claim against all the defendants
Answer: A
For res judicata between co-defendants there must be a conflict of interest between them, a necessity to decide that conflict to give relief to the plaintiff, a final decision of the question, and the co-defendants must have been necessary or proper parties.
Q76Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The power of the Court to add, strike out or substitute a party to a suit at any stage of the proceedings is contained in:

aOrder II Rule 3 CPC
bOrder I Rule 10 CPC
cOrder XXII Rule 4 CPC
dOrder I Rule 8 CPC
Answer: B
Order I Rule 10 CPC empowers the Court to strike out parties improperly joined and to add any person whose presence is necessary to enable the Court to effectually adjudicate the questions involved.
Q77Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The amendment of pleadings, allowing the Court to permit either party to alter or amend his pleadings at any stage of the proceedings on just terms, is provided under:

aOrder VII Rule 14 CPC
bOrder VI Rule 17 CPC
cOrder VIII Rule 9 CPC
dOrder VI Rule 16 CPC
Answer: B
Order VI Rule 17 CPC deals with amendment of pleadings, the object being to allow such amendments as may be necessary for determining the real questions in controversy between the parties.
Q78Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

The appellate court may allow additional evidence to be produced at the stage of appeal in the circumstances specified under:

aOrder XLI Rule 33 CPC
bOrder XLI Rule 27 CPC
cOrder XLI Rule 25 CPC
dOrder XLI Rule 23 CPC
Answer: B
Order XLI Rule 27 CPC sets out the limited circumstances in which the appellate court may, in its discretion, admit additional evidence whether oral or documentary.
Q79Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Where a plaintiff withdraws from a suit or abandons part of his claim without the permission of the Court under Order XXIII Rule 1 CPC, the consequence is that he:

aMay institute a fresh suit in respect of the same subject-matter as of right
bMay institute a fresh suit only with the leave of the appellate court
cIs precluded from instituting any fresh suit in respect of the same subject-matter
dIs entitled to the costs of the abandoned suit from the defendant
Answer: C
Under Order XXIII Rule 1, a plaintiff who withdraws or abandons a claim without the Court's permission to file a fresh suit is precluded from instituting a fresh suit in respect of the same subject-matter.
Q80Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

Under Section 15 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, every suit shall be instituted in the Court of:

athe lowest grade competent to try it
bthe High Court exercising ordinary original civil jurisdiction
cthe District Judge within whose limits the cause of action arose
dthe highest grade competent to try it
Answer: A
Section 15 CPC mandates that every suit shall be instituted in the Court of the lowest grade competent to try it, a rule of procedure aimed at preventing higher courts from being overburdened.
Q81Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)

A files a money suit against B, a sole defendant, who resides at Gurgaon, carries on business at Faridabad and where the cause of action arose wholly at Delhi. Under Section 20 of the CPC, A may file the suit at:

aGurgaon only, being the place of residence of the defendant
bFaridabad only, being the place where the defendant carries on business
cDelhi only
dDelhi, Gurgaon or Faridabad
Answer: D
Section 20 CPC permits a suit to be instituted where the defendant resides, carries on business or personally works for gain, or where the cause of action wholly or in part arises; hence all three places are available.
Q82Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Anticipatory bail—the grant of bail to a person apprehending arrest on accusation of a non-bailable offence—is dealt with under which provision of the BNSS, 2023?

aSection 438
bSection 482
cSection 478
dSection 480
Answer: B
Section 482 BNSS corresponds to Section 438 CrPC and governs the direction for grant of bail to a person apprehending arrest (anticipatory bail).
Q83Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 23 of the BNSS, 2023, a Judicial Magistrate of the first class may pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding:

aThree years
bSeven years
cTwo years
dOne year
Answer: A
Section 23(2) BNSS empowers a Magistrate of the first class to pass a sentence of imprisonment up to three years, or fine up to fifty thousand rupees, or both, or community service.
Q84Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The BNSS, 2023 for the first time mandates that every State Government shall prepare and notify a Witness Protection Scheme. This obligation is contained in:

aSection 400
bSection 412
cSection 398
dSection 396
Answer: C
Section 398 BNSS statutorily requires every State Government to prepare and notify a Witness Protection Scheme to ensure protection of witnesses.
Q85Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

A novel feature of the BNSS, 2023 is the provision for trial in absentia of a proclaimed offender. This is provided for under:

aSection 412
bSection 299
cSection 84
dSection 356
Answer: D
Section 356 BNSS introduces trial in absentia, permitting a court to try a proclaimed offender who has absconded to evade trial after the prescribed warrants and newspaper notice are exhausted.
Q86Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 184 of the BNSS, 2023, where rape or attempt to commit rape is under investigation, the victim shall be sent for medical examination by a registered medical practitioner within:

aTwelve hours from the receipt of information
bTwenty-four hours from the receipt of information
cSix hours from the receipt of information
dForty-eight hours from the receipt of information
Answer: B
Section 184 BNSS requires that, with the requisite consent, the victim of rape be sent to the registered medical practitioner within twenty-four hours from the time of receiving information relating to the commission of the offence.
Q87Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 187 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, what is the maximum aggregate period for which a Magistrate may authorise police custody of an accused, even though the same may be sought at different stages of the investigation within the prescribed limit?

aSeven days in a single stretch only at the commencement of investigation
bNinety days for offences punishable with death or life imprisonment
cThirty days irrespective of the gravity of the offence
dFifteen days in the whole, which may be sought in parts during the initial forty or sixty days
Answer: D
Section 187(2)/(3) BNSS caps police custody at fifteen days in the whole, but unlike the old CrPC it permits this to be sought in parts during the first forty days (or sixty days for graver offences) of detention.
Q88Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Section 173(3) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 permits a police officer to conduct a preliminary enquiry before registering an FIR. This option is available only where the cognizable offence is punishable with imprisonment for—

aThree years or more but less than seven years, with prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police
bLess than one year
cSeven years or more
dLess than three years but not less than three years and not exceeding seven years
Answer: A
Section 173(3) BNSS allows a 14-day preliminary enquiry, with prior permission of an officer not below DSP rank, where the offence is punishable with three years or more but less than seven years, to ascertain whether a prima facie case exists.
Q89Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 176(3) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, it is mandatory for a forensic expert to visit the crime scene to collect forensic evidence and to videograph the process where the offence is punishable with imprisonment for—

aFive years or more
bSeven years or more
cThree years or more
dTen years or more
Answer: B
Section 176(3) BNSS makes forensic examination of the crime scene compulsory for offences punishable with seven years or more, and the process must be recorded by audio-video electronic means.
Q90Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Where an offence is punishable with imprisonment for less than three years and the person sought to be arrested is infirm or above sixty years of age, Section 35(7) of the BNSS provides that—

aArrest may be made only after sanction of the Magistrate
bNo arrest shall be made without the prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police
cArrest may be made only between sunrise and sunset
dNo arrest may be made under any circumstances
Answer: B
Section 35(7) BNSS bars arrest of an infirm person or one above sixty years, for offences punishable with less than three years, without the prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police.
Q91Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Section 356 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 introduces trial in absentia of a proclaimed offender. Before commencing such a trial, the court must wait for a period of—

aOne hundred eighty days from the registration of the FIR
bNinety days from the date of framing of the charge
cThirty days from the date of the proclamation
dSixty days from the issue of the warrant
Answer: B
Under Section 356 BNSS, the court may proceed with the trial of an absconding proclaimed offender only after ninety days have elapsed from the date of framing of the charge.
Q92Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 479 of the BNSS, a first-time offender (one who has never been convicted of any offence in the past) is entitled to be released on bond by the court if he has undergone detention as an undertrial for a period extending up to—

aThe full maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence
bOne-third of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence
cOne-fourth of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence
dOne-half of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence
Answer: B
The first proviso to Section 479(1) BNSS provides that a first-time offender shall be released on bond once he has undergone detention up to one-third of the maximum sentence, whereas the general rule is one-half.
Q93Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The provision for anticipatory bail (grant of bail to a person apprehending arrest) under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 is contained in—

aSection 438
bSection 482
cSection 480
dSection 484
Answer: B
Section 482 BNSS corresponds to the erstwhile Section 438 CrPC and confers power on the High Court and the Court of Session to grant anticipatory bail.
Q94Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 23 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, the court of a Magistrate of the first class may pass a sentence of imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine not exceeding—

aTwenty-five thousand rupees
bTen thousand rupees
cOne lakh rupees
dFifty thousand rupees
Answer: D
Section 23(2) BNSS empowers a Magistrate of the first class to impose imprisonment up to three years, or a fine up to fifty thousand rupees, or both, or community service.
Q95Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Community service has been introduced as a recognised form of punishment under the new criminal codes. Under the Explanation to Section 23 of the BNSS, a convict performing community service—

aShall not be entitled to any remuneration for the work performed
bIs entitled to remuneration only if the work exceeds thirty days
cIs entitled to minimum wages for the work performed
dMust be paid one-half of the prevailing daily wage
Answer: A
The Explanation to Section 23 BNSS defines community service as work the court orders a convict to perform that benefits the community, for which he shall not be entitled to any remuneration.
Q96Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Section 105 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 requires that the process of conducting a search or taking possession of any property be recorded through audio-video electronic means, preferably by mobile phone. The recording, with the signed list of seized items, must thereafter be—

aDestroyed after completion of investigation
bForwarded without delay to the District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate of the first class
cRetained only in the police station record room
dUploaded only to the National Crime Records Bureau portal
Answer: B
Section 105 BNSS makes audio-video recording of search and seizure mandatory and requires the officer to forward the recording without delay to the District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate of the first class.
Q97Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

For offences punishable with imprisonment for less than seven years (but more than three years), Section 35(3) of the BNSS provides that, in lieu of arrest, the police officer—

aMay issue a notice directing the person to appear before him, and where the person complies, he shall not be arrested unless the officer records reasons
bMust in every case arrest the accused and produce him before a Magistrate
cHas no power to require the person's appearance at all
dMust obtain a warrant from the Magistrate before any further action
Answer: A
Section 35(3) BNSS (akin to the old Section 41A CrPC) requires a notice of appearance for offences punishable up to seven years, and the noticee complying with it shall not be arrested unless reasons are recorded; the Supreme Court has held such notice to be the rule and arrest the exception.
Q98Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 193(9) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, further investigation after filing of the police report may ordinarily be completed within ninety days, and any extension beyond that period—

aIs impermissible in all circumstances
bRequires the permission of the court
cRequires the sanction of the Director General of Police
dIs automatic and requires no sanction
Answer: B
The proviso to Section 193(9) BNSS fixes ninety days for further investigation after the charge-sheet, and any continuation beyond that period requires the permission of the court.
Q99Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

The mechanism for disposal of mercy petitions of a convict sentenced to death, including a timeline for filing such petition before the President after the dismissal of appeals, is now expressly provided in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 under—

aSection 484
bSection 413
cSection 354
dSection 472
Answer: D
Section 472 BNSS newly codifies the mercy-petition procedure in death sentence cases, prescribing time limits for the convict to petition the Governor and the President.
Q100Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Section 173(1) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 statutorily recognises the concept of a 'Zero FIR'. Its effect is that—

aAn FIR may be registered without recording any information in writing
bAn FIR can be registered only at the police station within whose jurisdiction the offence occurred
cInformation about a cognizable offence may be given to an officer in charge of any police station irrespective of the area where the offence was committed
dRegistration of an FIR is wholly discretionary for cognizable offences
Answer: C
Section 173(1) BNSS codifies the Zero FIR, allowing information of a cognizable offence to be given (including by electronic means) to an officer in charge of any police station irrespective of territorial jurisdiction, with later transfer to the appropriate station.
Q101Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, the provision corresponding to the registration of a first information report in a cognizable case (formerly Section 154 CrPC), and which now also gives statutory recognition to the 'Zero FIR', is contained in:

aSection 176 BNSS
bSection 154 BNSS
cSection 173 BNSS
dSection 175 BNSS
Answer: C
Section 173 BNSS deals with information in cognizable cases; Section 173(1) permits filing irrespective of territorial jurisdiction, statutorily recognising the Zero FIR and electronic information.
Q102Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

For a cognizable offence punishable with imprisonment of three years or more but less than seven years, the officer in charge may, with prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police, conduct a preliminary enquiry to ascertain a prima facie case. The period prescribed for completing such preliminary enquiry under Section 173(3) BNSS is:

aFourteen days
bThirty days
cSeven days
dTwenty-one days
Answer: A
Section 173(3) BNSS allows a preliminary enquiry, with DSP permission, to be completed within fourteen days for offences punishable with 3 years or more but less than 7 years.
Q103Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Where information is received of an offence made punishable with imprisonment for seven years or more, the BNSS makes it mandatory for the officer in charge of the police station to cause a forensic expert to visit the crime scene and to videograph the process. This obligation is contained in:

aSection 173(3) BNSS
bSection 105 BNSS
cSection 180 BNSS
dSection 176(3) BNSS
Answer: D
Section 176(3) BNSS mandates that for offences punishable with seven years or more, a forensic expert shall visit the crime scene to collect evidence and the process be videographed.
Q104Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 105 BNSS, the process of search of a place and seizure of property, including preparation of the list of seized items and signing by witnesses, shall:

aBe photographed but need not be sent to any Magistrate
bBe recorded through audio-video electronic means, preferably a mobile phone, and forwarded to the Magistrate
cRequire attestation by a Judicial Magistrate present at the spot
dBe recorded in the case diary only
Answer: B
Section 105 BNSS mandates that search and seizure be recorded through audio-video electronic means (preferably a mobile phone) and the recording forwarded without delay to the District, Sub-divisional or Judicial Magistrate of the first class.
Q105Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC / BNSS)

Under Section 479(1) BNSS, an undertrial prisoner who is a first-time offender (not previously convicted) shall ordinarily be released on bond by the Court once he has undergone detention up to:

aThe full maximum period of imprisonment for the offence
bOne-fourth of the maximum period of imprisonment for the offence
cOne-half of the maximum period of imprisonment for the offence
dOne-third of the maximum period of imprisonment for the offence
Answer: D
The first proviso to Section 479(1) BNSS provides that a first-time offender shall be released on bond after undergoing detention up to one-third of the maximum period of imprisonment; the general rule is one-half.
Q106Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, dacoity requires that the robbery be committed conjointly by:

aTwo or more persons
bThree or more persons
cFive or more persons
dFour or more persons
Answer: C
Section 310 BNS provides that when five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery, or where those committing and aiding number five or more, the offence is dacoity.
Q107Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The offence of 'petty organised crime', newly created by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, is contained in:

aSection 113 BNS
bSection 111 BNS
cSection 109 BNS
dSection 112 BNS
Answer: D
Section 112 BNS introduces petty organised crime (committed by members of a group/gang, e.g. theft, snatching, unauthorised selling of tickets), punishable with imprisonment of one to seven years. Section 111 is organised crime and Section 113 is the terrorist act.
Q108Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, 'culpable homicide' (the genus) and 'murder' (the species) are defined respectively in:

aSection 103 and Section 105
bSection 99 and Section 100
cSection 100 and Section 101
dSection 101 and Section 103
Answer: C
Section 100 BNS defines culpable homicide and Section 101 BNS defines when culpable homicide amounts to murder (including the five exceptions), corresponding to Sections 299 and 300 IPC respectively.
Q109Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the offences of criminal breach of trust and cheating (which in the IPC were scattered across several sections) have each been consolidated into single provisions. These are respectively:

aSection 303 and Section 304
bSection 316 and Section 318
cSection 314 and Section 316
dSection 318 and Section 320
Answer: B
Section 316 BNS consolidates criminal breach of trust (formerly Sections 405-409 IPC) and Section 318 BNS consolidates cheating (formerly Sections 415-420 IPC).
Q110Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

'X' merely instigates 'Y' to commit a robbery, but the robbery is never in fact committed and no other act follows. Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which of the following is correct?

aX is guilty of attempt to commit robbery
bX is guilty of abetment, as abetment by instigation is complete irrespective of whether the act abetted is committed
cX commits no offence at all because the robbery did not take place
dX is guilty of criminal conspiracy only
Answer: B
Under Sections 45-46 BNS abetment by instigation is complete once the instigation is made; the actual commission of the abetted act is not necessary for the abetment itself to be an offence.
Q111Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The offence of criminal conspiracy under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 is contained in:

aSection 190 BNS
bSection 61 BNS
cSection 45 BNS
dSection 48 BNS
Answer: B
Section 61 BNS defines and punishes criminal conspiracy; a mere agreement to commit an offence is sufficient, and where the object is an offence punishable with death, life imprisonment or rigorous imprisonment of two years or more, the conspirators are punished as if they abetted the offence.
Q112Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the punishment for attempt to murder (corresponding to Section 307 of the IPC) is provided in:

aSection 103 BNS
bSection 105 BNS
cSection 117 BNS
dSection 109 BNS
Answer: D
Section 109 BNS provides for the punishment for attempt to murder and clarifies that imprisonment for life means incarceration for the remainder of the offender's natural life, replacing Section 307 IPC.
Q113Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Which of the following statements about the offence of murder under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 is INCORRECT?

aEvery culpable homicide is murder
bGrave and sudden provocation is one of the exceptions that reduces murder to culpable homicide not amounting to murder
cThe five exceptions to murder are retained substantially from the old Section 300 IPC
dMurder is a species of culpable homicide
Answer: A
Culpable homicide is the genus and murder the species; not every culpable homicide is murder, but every murder is culpable homicide. Statement (d) is therefore incorrect under Section 101 BNS.
Q114Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the offence of rape is defined under:

aSection 63 BNS
bSection 80 BNS
cSection 74 BNS
dSection 64 BNS
Answer: A
Section 63 BNS defines rape (corresponding to Section 375 IPC), while Section 64 prescribes the punishment. Section 80 deals with dowry death.
Q115Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the punishment for the offence of murder is provided in:

aSection 99
bSection 105
cSection 103
dSection 101
Answer: D
Murder is defined in Section 99 of the BNS, 2023, and Section 101 prescribes its punishment, namely death or imprisonment for life and fine.
Q116Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The doctrine of 'common intention', under which each of several persons doing a criminal act in furtherance of the common intention of all is liable as if it were done by him alone, is contained in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in:

aSection 3(5)
bSection 34
cSection 3(6)
dSection 61
Answer: A
What was Section 34 of the IPC is now Section 3(5) of the BNS, 2023, placed in the General Explanations clause rather than as a standalone numbered section.
Q117Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Which of the following statements correctly describes the offence of 'snatching' newly introduced as a distinct offence under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023?

aIt is a form of robbery, defined in Section 309, punishable with imprisonment up to ten years
bIt is a form of theft, defined in Section 302, punishable with imprisonment up to three years
cIt is a form of dacoity, requiring five or more persons
dIt is a form of extortion, defined in Section 306
Answer: B
Section 302 of the BNS provides that theft is 'snatching' if the offender suddenly, quickly or forcibly seizes movable property, and prescribes imprisonment up to three years and fine.
Q118Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Under Section 104 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, whoever causes the death of any person by a rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide is, in the ordinary case, punishable with imprisonment which may extend to:

aThree years
bSeven years
cFive years
dTwo years
Answer: B
Section 104(1) of the BNS raises the maximum term for death by rash or negligent act to seven years (against two years under the old IPC Section 304A); Section 104(2) deals with hit-and-run with up to ten years.
Q119Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The offence relating to 'dowry death', whereby the husband or his relative is deemed to have caused the death of a woman occurring otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of marriage preceded by cruelty for dowry, is dealt with under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in:

aSection 304B
bSection 84
cSection 80
dSection 79
Answer: D
Section 79 of the BNS, 2023 re-enacts the dowry-death provision (formerly Section 304B IPC), with a minimum punishment of seven years extendable to imprisonment for life.
Q120Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Cruelty to a woman by her husband or a relative of the husband is made punishable under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in:

aSection 84
bSection 86
cSection 85
dSection 498A
Answer: A
Section 84 of the BNS, 2023 corresponds to the former Section 498A IPC and punishes a husband or his relative subjecting a woman to cruelty; Section 85 defines 'cruelty' for this purpose.
Q121Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The offence of 'gang rape', under which each person in a group raping a woman is deemed to have committed the offence and is liable to rigorous imprisonment of not less than twenty years extendable to life, is contained in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in:

aSection 70
bSection 64
cSection 376D
dSection 63
Answer: A
Section 70 of the BNS, 2023 deals with gang rape; the minimum sentence is rigorous imprisonment for twenty years extendable to imprisonment for the remainder of natural life.
Q122Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

The provision dealing with 'acts endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India' (covering secession, armed rebellion and subversive activities), which replaces the former offence of sedition, is found in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in:

aSection 152
bSection 147
cSection 150
dSection 124A
Answer: C
Section 150 of the BNS, 2023 penalises exciting secession, armed rebellion or subversive activities; there is no offence of 'sedition' as such, and the old IPC Section 124A has been omitted.
Q123Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

'Organised crime', covering offences such as kidnapping, extortion, contract killing and cyber-crime committed by a crime syndicate as a continuing unlawful activity, is introduced as a substantive offence for the first time in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in:

aSection 109
bSection 112
cSection 113
dSection 111
Answer: A
Section 109 of the BNS, 2023 creates the offence of organised crime; Section 110 deals with petty organised crime and Section 111 with terrorist acts.
Q124Indian Penal Code (IPC / BNS)

Which of the following is a new kind of punishment introduced by Section 4 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 that was not among the punishments listed in the Indian Penal Code, 1860?

aRigorous imprisonment
bCommunity service
cSolitary confinement
dForfeiture of property
Answer: B
Section 4(f) of the BNS, 2023 introduces 'community service' as a recognised form of punishment, a category absent from the punishments enumerated under the IPC.
Q125Constitution of India

Article 21A, making free and compulsory education for children a Fundamental Right, applies to children of which age group?

aOf the age of five to twelve years
bOf the age of six to fourteen years
cOf the age of seven to sixteen years
dOf the age of three to nine years
Answer: B
Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002, obliges the State to provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years.
Q126Constitution of India

Under the Constitution, the retirement age of a Judge of the Supreme Court and of a Judge of a High Court respectively are:

a65 years and 60 years
b62 years and 60 years
c60 years and 58 years
d65 years and 62 years
Answer: D
Under Article 124(2) a Supreme Court Judge holds office until 65 years; under Article 217(1) a High Court Judge holds office until 62 years.
Q127Constitution of India

If a question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill under Article 110, whose decision is declared final by the Constitution?

aThe Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
bThe Attorney-General for India
cThe Speaker of the Lok Sabha
dThe President of India
Answer: C
Article 110(3) provides that if any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the House of the People (Lok Sabha) thereon shall be final.
Q128Constitution of India

The power of a High Court to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights and 'for any other purpose' is conferred by which Article?

aArticle 227
bArticle 32
cArticle 226
dArticle 136
Answer: C
Article 226 empowers every High Court to issue writs not only for enforcement of Fundamental Rights but also for 'any other purpose', a wider scope than Article 32 which is confined to Fundamental Rights.
Q129Constitution of India

The Constitution of India vests residuary powers of legislation in:

aParliament
bParliament and State Legislatures jointly
cThe State Legislatures
dThe President of India
Answer: A
Article 248 read with Entry 97 of the Union List vests residuary power to make any law not enumerated in the Concurrent or State Lists exclusively in Parliament.
Q130Constitution of India

The separation of the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State is a directive contained in which Article?

aArticle 48
bArticle 44
cArticle 40
dArticle 50
Answer: D
Article 50, a Directive Principle of State Policy, directs the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
Q131Constitution of India

The advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, enabling the President to refer a question of law or fact of public importance for its opinion, is provided by:

aArticle 143
bArticle 136
cArticle 145
dArticle 131
Answer: A
Article 143 empowers the President to refer to the Supreme Court for its advisory opinion any question of law or fact which has arisen or is likely to arise and is of public importance.
Q132Constitution of India

The directive to the State to endeavour to secure for citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India is found in:

aArticle 51
bArticle 25
cArticle 44
dArticle 46
Answer: C
Article 44, a Directive Principle of State Policy, directs the State to endeavour to secure a uniform civil code for the citizens throughout the territory of India.
Q133Constitution of India

The freedom of speech and expression guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) may be restricted by the State only on the grounds specified in Article 19(2). Which of the following is NOT one of those specified grounds?

aSovereignty and integrity of India
bContempt of court
cDefamation
dMaintenance of high standards of morality among public servants
Answer: D
Article 19(2) permits reasonable restrictions only on enumerated grounds such as sovereignty and integrity, security of the State, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation and incitement to an offence; the option in (c) is not a listed ground.
Q134Constitution of India

Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden, with enforcement of any resulting disability made a punishable offence, under which Article?

aArticle 17
bArticle 15
cArticle 16
dArticle 18
Answer: A
Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form, declaring the enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability an offence punishable in accordance with law.
Q135Constitution of India

Under Article 239AA of the Constitution of India, which was inserted by the Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991, the administrator of the National Capital Territory of Delhi appointed under Article 239 is designated as the:

aLieutenant Governor
bChief Commissioner
cAdministrator-General
dGovernor
Answer: A
Article 239AA(1) provides that the Union territory of Delhi shall be called the National Capital Territory of Delhi and the administrator appointed under Article 239 shall be designated as the Lieutenant Governor.
Q136Constitution of India

Every Panchayat, unless sooner dissolved under any law for the time being in force, shall continue for a period of how long from the date appointed for its first meeting, under Article 243E of the Constitution of India?

aSix years
bFive years
cThree years
dFour years
Answer: B
Article 243E(1), inserted by the 73rd Amendment, provides that every Panchayat shall continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer, unless sooner dissolved.
Q137Constitution of India

The provisions relating to disqualification of members on the ground of defection are contained in which Schedule of the Constitution of India, inserted by the Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985?

aTwelfth Schedule
bEleventh Schedule
cTenth Schedule
dNinth Schedule
Answer: C
The anti-defection law is contained in the Tenth Schedule, added by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985, which lays down the grounds and process for disqualifying legislators for defection.
Q138Constitution of India

If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, whose decision under Article 110 of the Constitution of India shall be final?

aThe Chairman of the Council of States
bThe Speaker of the House of the People
cThe President of India
dThe Attorney General for India
Answer: B
Article 110(3) provides that if any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the House of the People (Lok Sabha) thereon shall be final.
Q139Constitution of India

Under the Constitution of India, a Judge of a High Court holds office, subject to the provisions of Article 217, until he attains the age of:

aSixty-eight years
bSixty-two years
cSixty years
dSixty-five years
Answer: B
Article 217(1) provides that a Judge of a High Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-two years (raised from sixty by the Fifteenth Amendment, 1963), whereas a Supreme Court Judge retires at sixty-five under Article 124(2).
Q140Constitution of India

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court of India first propound the doctrine of basic structure of the Constitution?

aIndira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain
bGolak Nath v. State of Punjab
cKesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
dMinerva Mills v. Union of India
Answer: C
The basic structure doctrine was propounded for the first time by the thirteen-Judge Bench in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), holding that Parliament cannot amend the basic structure of the Constitution.
Q141Constitution of India

Article 21A of the Constitution of India, which makes the right to free and compulsory education a fundamental right for children, was inserted by which Constitutional Amendment?

aEighty-sixth Amendment
bForty-fourth Amendment
cNinety-third Amendment
dForty-second Amendment
Answer: A
The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A, making free and compulsory education for children aged six to fourteen a fundamental right.
Q142Constitution of India

The power of superintendence of a High Court over all courts and tribunals within its territorial jurisdiction is conferred by which Article of the Constitution of India?

aArticle 235
bArticle 226
cArticle 228
dArticle 227
Answer: D
Article 227 confers on every High Court the power of superintendence over all courts and tribunals throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction.
Q143Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, no confession made by a person while in the custody of a police officer can be proved against him unless it is made:

ain writing and signed by the accused
bbefore a Gazetted police officer
cin the presence of two independent witnesses
din the immediate presence of a Magistrate
Answer: D
Section 23(2) of the BSA bars proof of a custodial confession against the maker unless it is made in the immediate presence of a Magistrate, the proviso to Section 23(2) preserving the discovery-of-fact rule (the old Section 27 of the Evidence Act).
Q144Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Which Section of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 makes the opinion of experts a relevant fact?

aSection 45
bSection 39
cSection 41
dSection 47
Answer: B
Opinions of experts are made relevant by Section 39 of the BSA, which corresponds to the old Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
Q145Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Where the question is whether a person has committed the dowry death of a woman and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected by him to cruelty or harassment in connection with a demand for dowry, the Court under Section 118 of the BSA:

amay presume that such person caused the dowry death
bshall treat it as conclusive proof of dowry death
cshall presume that such person caused the dowry death
dshall presume only if there is corroborating medical evidence
Answer: C
Section 118 of the BSA (corresponding to the old Section 113-B of the Evidence Act) uses the mandatory expression "shall presume" that such person caused the dowry death, dowry death having the meaning in Section 80 of the BNS.
Q146Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

On the question whether the suicide of a married woman was abetted by her husband, where she committed suicide within seven years of marriage and was subjected to cruelty, the Court under Section 117 of the BSA:

ashall presume that the suicide was abetted
bmay presume, having regard to the circumstances, that the suicide was abetted
ccannot raise any presumption of abetment
dmust treat abetment as conclusively proved
Answer: B
Section 117 of the BSA (old Section 113-A) uses the discretionary expression "may presume", in contrast to the mandatory "shall presume" for dowry death under Section 118.
Q147Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under Section 57 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, where an electronic or digital record is produced from proper custody, such record is:

ainadmissible without comparison with the original device
bprimary evidence unless it is disputed
cadmissible only with a certificate under Section 63
dsecondary evidence in every case
Answer: B
Explanation 5 to Section 57 of the BSA expressly provides that an electronic or digital record produced from proper custody is primary evidence unless it is disputed, a new statutory clarification not found in the 1872 Act.
Q148Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

The provision in the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 that "no particular number of witnesses shall in any case be required for the proof of any fact" is contained in:

aSection 134
bSection 139
cSection 138
dSection 119
Answer: B
Section 139 of the BSA (old Section 134 of the Evidence Act) provides that no particular number of witnesses is required for proof of any fact.
Q149Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

Under Section 138 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, an accomplice:

amay never be relied upon even with corroboration
bis a competent witness, and a conviction is not illegal merely because it proceeds upon the corroborated testimony of an accomplice
cis competent only if granted a pardon under the BNSS
dis an incompetent witness against an accused person
Answer: B
Section 138 of the BSA provides that an accomplice is a competent witness against an accused, and as enacted a conviction is not illegal if it proceeds upon the 'corroborated' testimony of an accomplice (replacing 'uncorroborated' in Section 133 IEA).
Q150Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Statements as to the cause of death or the circumstances of the transaction resulting in death, made by a person who is dead (the dying declaration), are made relevant under which Section of the BSA?

aSection 26
bSection 25
cSection 32
dSection 24
Answer: A
Section 26 of the BSA (corresponding to the old Section 32 of the Evidence Act) makes relevant statements by persons who are dead or cannot be found, including the dying declaration as to cause of death.
Q151Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under Section 109 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, when any fact is especially within the knowledge of any person, the burden of proving that fact is upon:

athe party who first led evidence
bthe person within whose special knowledge the fact lies
cthe prosecution in all cases
dthe person who asserts the contrary
Answer: B
Section 109 of the BSA (old Section 106) places the burden of proving a fact especially within a person's knowledge upon that person.
Q152Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

The rule that no tenant of immovable property shall, during the continuance of the tenancy, be permitted to deny that the landlord had a title at the beginning of the tenancy is contained in which Section of the BSA?

aSection 121
bSection 116
cSection 123
dSection 122
Answer: D
Section 122 of the BSA (old Section 116 of the Evidence Act) deals with estoppel of a tenant and of a licensee of a person in possession.
Q153Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under the BSA, where a document required by law to be attested is a registered document (not being a will) registered under the Registration Act, it shall not be necessary to call an attesting witness to prove its execution:

ain all circumstances without exception
bonly if both attesting witnesses are dead
conly with the leave of the Court
dunless its execution is specifically denied by the person who purports to have executed it
Answer: D
The proviso to Section 67 of the BSA dispenses with calling an attesting witness for a registered document (other than a will) unless its execution is specifically denied by the purported executant.
Q154Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under Section 2 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the definition of "evidence" now expressly includes:

aany information given electronically and electronic or digital records produced for inspection of the Court
bconfessions made to a police officer
conly documents produced for inspection of the Court
donly oral statements made by witnesses
Answer: A
Section 2(1)(e) of the BSA widens "evidence" to expressly include statements given electronically and all documents including electronic or digital records produced for the inspection of the Court.
Q155Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, which repeals the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, consists of how many sections?

a167 sections
b176 sections
c170 sections
d166 sections
Answer: C
The BSA, 2023 contains 170 sections; Section 170 itself effects the repeal and savings of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
Q156Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

When the Court has to form an opinion as to the person by whom a document was written or signed, the opinion of a person acquainted with that person's handwriting is made relevant by which Section of the BSA?

aSection 44
bSection 39
cSection 41
dSection 72
Answer: C
Section 41 of the BSA (old Section 47 of the Evidence Act) makes relevant the opinion as to handwriting and signature of a person acquainted with the handwriting in question.
Q157Indian Evidence Act (BSA)

Under Section 63 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, an electronic record is admissible as a computer output only when accompanied by a certificate, which must now be signed by the person in charge of the device and also by:

aa Magistrate
btwo attesting witnesses
can expert
dthe investigating officer
Answer: C
Section 63(4) of the BSA requires the certificate accompanying electronic records to be signed by the person in charge of the computer/communication device and an expert, a stricter requirement than the old Section 65-B of the Evidence Act.
Q158Arbitration & Conciliation Act

After the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2019, the period of twelve months for making an arbitral award under Section 29A(1) (in matters other than international commercial arbitration) is reckoned from:

athe date of appointment of the presiding arbitrator
bthe date the arbitral tribunal enters upon the reference
cthe date of completion of pleadings under Section 23(4)
dthe date of the first hearing fixed by the tribunal
Answer: C
The 2019 Amendment substituted Section 29A(1) so that the twelve-month period for domestic awards runs from the date of completion of pleadings under Section 23(4), not from entering upon the reference.
Q159Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Where an arbitral award is silent on post-award interest, Section 31(7)(b) (as amended in 2015) provides that the awarded sum shall carry interest at the rate of:

athe rate fixed by the court executing the award
bsix per cent per annum from the date of the cause of action
ctwo per cent higher than the current rate of interest prevalent on the date of the award
deighteen per cent per annum from the date of award till payment
Answer: C
The 2015 Amendment replaced the earlier flat 18% default with interest at 2% higher than the current rate of interest prevalent on the date of the award, applicable from the date of award to date of payment.
Q160Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under Section 9(3), once an arbitral tribunal has been constituted, a court shall not entertain an application for interim measures under Section 9(1) unless:

aboth parties consent in writing to the court's jurisdiction
bthe application is made within thirty days of constitution of the tribunal
cthe court finds that circumstances exist which may not render the remedy under Section 17 efficacious
dthe dispute involves a foreign element
Answer: C
Section 9(3), inserted by the 2015 Amendment, bars the court from entertaining a Section 9 application after the tribunal is constituted unless it finds that the Section 17 remedy may not be efficacious.
Q161Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Section 11(13), as amended in 2019, requires that an application for appointment of an arbitrator be disposed of as expeditiously as possible, with an endeavour to dispose of the matter within:

athirty days from the date of service of notice on the opposite party
bsixty days from the date of filing
csix months from the date of the application
dninety days from the date of service of notice
Answer: A
Section 11(13) directs an endeavour to dispose of an application for appointment of an arbitrator within thirty days from the date of service of notice on the opposite party.
Q162Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under Section 16(2), a plea that the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction must be raised:

abefore the appointment of the arbitrator
bat the first hearing only
cnot later than the submission of the statement of defence
dat any time before the award is pronounced
Answer: C
Section 16(2) requires the jurisdictional plea to be raised not later than the submission of the statement of defence; a party is not precluded merely because he appointed or participated in appointing an arbitrator.
Q163Arbitration & Conciliation Act

If the arbitral tribunal rejects a plea that it lacks jurisdiction under Section 16, the aggrieved party's remedy is to:

afile an immediate appeal under Section 37 against the rejection
bapproach the High Court under its writ jurisdiction as a matter of right
capply to the Chief Justice for substitution of the arbitrator
dwait, continue the proceedings, and challenge the award under Section 34
Answer: D
Under Section 16(5) and (6), where a plea is rejected the tribunal continues and makes an award; the aggrieved party may then apply to set aside the award under Section 34. An appeal under Section 37(2)(a) lies only where the tribunal accepts the plea.
Q164Arbitration & Conciliation Act

A person who falls within any of the categories specified in the Seventh Schedule is, under Section 12(5), ineligible to be appointed as an arbitrator. The Supreme Court in Perkins Eastman Architects DPC v. HSCC (India) Ltd. (2019) held that such an ineligible person:

abecomes eligible if the other party fails to object within thirty days
bmay still validly nominate the sole arbitrator if the agreement so provides
ccannot unilaterally appoint or nominate the sole arbitrator
dmay act as arbitrator with the leave of the court
Answer: C
Perkins Eastman held that a person who is himself de jure ineligible under Section 12(5) read with the Seventh Schedule cannot have the power to unilaterally appoint or nominate the sole arbitrator.
Q165Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Where an arbitration agreement provides that a claim shall be barred unless some step to commence arbitral proceedings is taken within a fixed time, Section 43(3) empowers the Court to extend that time if it is of the opinion that:

athe delay was caused by the conduct of the opposite party
bthe parties have consented to the extension
cundue hardship would otherwise be caused
dthe claim is of substantial monetary value
Answer: C
Section 43(3) allows the Court to extend the contractually fixed time for commencing arbitration, notwithstanding its expiry, where it opines that undue hardship would otherwise be caused.
Q166Arbitration & Conciliation Act

Under Section 43(4), where the Court orders that an arbitral award be set aside, in computing the period of limitation for fresh proceedings on the dispute, the Court shall exclude:

athe period between the commencement of the arbitration and the date of the setting-aside order
bno period, since limitation runs continuously
conly the period spent in the setting-aside proceedings
dthe entire period from the cause of action to the award
Answer: A
Section 43(4) directs exclusion of the time between the commencement of the arbitration (per Section 21) and the date of the court's order setting aside the award when computing limitation for fresh proceedings.
Q167Arbitration & Conciliation Act

After the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015, the effect of merely filing an application under Section 34 to set aside an award is that:

athe award is not rendered unenforceable; a separate order of stay under Section 36(2) is required
benforcement of the award is automatically stayed until disposal
cthe award stands suspended for a period of ninety days
denforcement is barred only if a deposit of fifty per cent is made
Answer: A
The 2015 Amendment to Section 36 abolished the automatic stay; mere filing of a Section 34 application does not stay enforcement, and a separate application and order under Section 36(2)/(3) is needed, as affirmed in BCCI v. Kochi Cricket Pvt. Ltd.
Q168Arbitration & Conciliation Act

The ground of 'patent illegality appearing on the face of the award' under Section 34(2A) is available to set aside:

aany arbitral award, including international commercial arbitration awards seated in India
bonly foreign awards under Part II
can award arising out of arbitrations other than international commercial arbitration
donly awards where the seat is outside India
Answer: C
Section 34(2A) confines the patent illegality ground to awards in arbitrations other than international commercial arbitration; it is not available against awards in international commercial arbitrations seated in India.
Q169Indian Contract Act

Compensation for loss or damage caused by breach of contract under Section 73 is recoverable for loss which:

aIs always equal to the consideration paid
bNaturally arose in the usual course of things from the breach, or which the parties knew to be likely to result from the breach
cIncludes remote and indirect loss sustained by reason of the breach
dIs only such as is expressly stipulated in the contract
Answer: B
Section 73 allows compensation for loss naturally arising in the usual course of things from the breach, or which the parties knew when contracting to be likely to result; no compensation is given for remote or indirect loss.
Q170Indian Contract Act

Under Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, an act done or abstinence made by the promisee or any other person 'at the desire of the promisor' constitutes:

aA proposal
bAn acceptance
cConsideration
dA reciprocal promise
Answer: C
Section 2(d) defines consideration as an act, abstinence or promise done, made or given at the desire of the promisor. The phrase 'at the desire of the promisor' is the essence of the definition.
Q171Indian Contract Act

In Lalman Shukla v. Gauri Dutt, it was held that a person who performs the act stated in a reward offer, but without knowledge of the offer, is:

aEntitled to the reward only if he later ratifies it
bEntitled to the reward, motive being immaterial
cEntitled to half the reward on quantum meruit
dNot entitled to the reward, as knowledge of the offer is essential for a valid acceptance
Answer: D
The Allahabad High Court held that acceptance presupposes knowledge of the offer; since Lalman had no knowledge of the reward when he found the boy, no contract arose and he was not entitled to the reward.
Q172Indian Contract Act

An agreement made on account of natural love and affection between parties standing in a near relation to each other is enforceable, despite absence of consideration, only if it is:

aOral but witnessed by two persons
bActed upon within a reasonable time
cMade before a notary public
dIn writing and registered
Answer: D
Under the first exception in Section 25, an agreement without consideration based on natural love and affection between near relations is valid only if it is expressed in writing and registered.
Q173Indian Contract Act

A promise, in writing and signed by the debtor, to pay a debt barred by the law of limitation is:

aA valid contract under an exception in Section 25
bVoidable at the option of the debtor
cVoid, being without fresh consideration
dEnforceable only if the original debt is revived by part-payment
Answer: A
The third exception in Section 25 makes a written, signed promise to pay a time-barred debt enforceable as a contract even though no fresh consideration supports it.
Q174Indian Contract Act

Following Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose, an agreement entered into by a minor is:

aVoidable at the option of the minor
bValid but unenforceable until the minor attains majority
cVoid ab initio
dVoidable at the option of the other party
Answer: C
The Privy Council held, reading Section 11 with Sections 10 and 2(g), that a minor's agreement is absolutely void (void ab initio), not merely voidable.
Q175Indian Contract Act

Where necessaries suited to his condition in life are supplied to a person incapable of contracting (such as a minor or lunatic), the supplier under Section 68:

aIs entitled to be reimbursed from the property of such incapable person
bIs entitled to the agreed price as fixed by the parties
cMay recover only from the guardian personally
dCannot recover anything as the contract is void
Answer: A
Section 68 creates a quasi-contractual claim: the supplier of necessaries to an incapable person is entitled to reimbursement from that person's property, not from the person personally.
Q176Indian Contract Act

Under Section 23 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the consideration or object of an agreement is unlawful in all the following cases EXCEPT where it:

aIs merely improvident or commercially unwise
bWould, if permitted, defeat the provisions of any law
cIs forbidden by law
dIs regarded by the court as immoral or opposed to public policy
Answer: A
Section 23 lists object/consideration as unlawful when forbidden by law, defeating any law, fraudulent, injurious to person or property, or immoral/opposed to public policy. Mere improvidence is not within these heads.
Q177Indian Contract Act

A contract to do an act which, after the contract is made, becomes impossible or unlawful by reason of an event the promisor could not prevent, becomes void under Section 56. This embodies the doctrine of:

aRestitution
bPrivity of contract
cSubrogation
dFrustration of contract
Answer: D
The second paragraph of Section 56 (supervening impossibility/illegality) is the statutory basis of the doctrine of frustration, rendering the contract void when performance becomes impossible or unlawful.
Q178Limitation Act

A signed written acknowledgment of liability made before the expiration of the prescribed period has, under Section 18 of the Limitation Act, the effect that:

aThe original period continues without interruption
bThe limitation period is extended by a fixed term of three years irrespective of the article
cA fresh period of limitation is computed from the time the acknowledgment is signed
dThe right to sue is wholly extinguished
Answer: C
Section 18 provides that where an acknowledgment of liability in writing, signed by the party, is made before expiry of the period, a fresh period of limitation is computed from the time the acknowledgment was so signed.
Q179Limitation Act

Section 14 of the Limitation Act excludes, in computing the period of limitation, the time during which the plaintiff has been:

aPrevented by an injunction or order staying the institution of the suit
bAwaiting a copy of the decree appealed from
cProsecuting another civil proceeding bona fide with due diligence in a court unable to entertain it for defect of jurisdiction or other like cause
dUnder a legal disability of minority or insanity
Answer: C
Section 14 excludes time spent bona fide and with due diligence in prosecuting another proceeding, founded on the same matter, in a court which from defect of jurisdiction or other like cause is unable to entertain it.
Q180Limitation Act

Under Section 17 of the Limitation Act, where a suit is based upon the fraud of the defendant, the period of limitation does not begin to run until:

aThe plaintiff has discovered the fraud, or could with reasonable diligence have discovered it
bThree years from the date the fraud was committed
cThe cause of action first accrues
dThe fraud is established by a competent court
Answer: A
Section 17 postpones the running of time in cases of fraud or mistake until the plaintiff has discovered the fraud or mistake, or could with reasonable diligence have discovered it.
Q181Limitation Act

Section 27 of the Limitation Act, 1963 provides that on the determination of the period limited for a person to institute a suit for possession of any property:

aHe may sue within a further period of three years
bOnly the remedy is barred but the right survives
cHis right to recover damages alone is barred
dHis right to such property shall be extinguished
Answer: D
Section 27 is an exception to the general rule that limitation bars only the remedy; on expiry of the period to recover possession, the owner's right to the property itself stands extinguished, enabling acquisition by adverse possession.
Q182Limitation Act

Under Article 65 of the Schedule to the Limitation Act, 1963, a suit for possession of immovable property based on title must be brought within twelve years, the time being reckoned from:

aThe date of dispossession of the plaintiff
bWhen the possession of the defendant becomes adverse to the plaintiff
cThe date the plaintiff acquires knowledge of the defendant's possession
dThe date of the plaintiff's purchase of the property
Answer: B
Under Article 65 the twelve-year period runs from when the defendant's possession becomes adverse to the plaintiff; the burden of proving the starting point of adverse possession lies on the defendant.
Q183Limitation Act

An application to set aside a decree passed ex parte, governed by Article 123 of the Schedule to the Limitation Act, 1963, must ordinarily be made within:

aNinety days from the date of the decree
bSixty days from the date of the decree
cThirty days from the date of the decree
dSix months from the date of the decree
Answer: C
Article 123 prescribes thirty days, running from the date of the decree, or, where the summons or notice was not duly served, from when the applicant had knowledge of the decree.
Q184Limitation Act

Article 137 of the Schedule to the Limitation Act, 1963 (the residuary article for applications) prescribes a period of:

aOne year from when the right to apply accrues
bThree years from when the right to apply accrues
cNinety days from when the right to apply accrues
dThirty days from when the right to apply accrues
Answer: B
Article 137 is the residuary provision for any application for which no period is provided elsewhere; it prescribes three years from the date the right to apply accrues.
Q185Limitation Act

An appeal to a High Court from a decree or order under the Code of Civil Procedure is governed by Article 116 of the Schedule, which prescribes a limitation period of:

aSixty days
bOne hundred and twenty days
cThirty days
dNinety days
Answer: D
Article 116 prescribes ninety days for an appeal to a High Court from a CPC decree or order, computed from the date of the decree or order; appeals to any other court under Article 117 carry thirty days.
Q186Specific Relief Act

After the Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018, which of the following best describes the present position regarding specific performance under Section 10 of the Act?

aSpecific performance can be granted only where damages are an adequate remedy
bSpecific performance remains a purely discretionary remedy as before
cSpecific performance is available only for contracts relating to immovable property
dSpecific performance shall be enforced by the court subject to Sections 11(2), 14 and 16, and is no longer a matter of judicial discretion
Answer: D
The 2018 Amendment substituted Section 10 so that specific performance shall be enforced subject to Sections 11(2), 14 and 16, removing the earlier discretionary character of the relief.
Q187Specific Relief Act

Section 20A of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 (inserted by the 2018 Amendment) provides that in a suit involving a contract relating to an infrastructure project specified in the Schedule:

aNo injunction shall be granted where it would cause impediment or delay in the progress or completion of such infrastructure project
bThe court must mandatorily refer the dispute to arbitration
cSpecific performance shall never be granted
dOnly the Government may sue for specific performance
Answer: A
Section 20A bars the grant of an injunction in a suit involving a Schedule infrastructure project contract where it would impede or delay the progress or completion of that project.
Q188Specific Relief Act

Section 14A of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, inserted by the Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018, empowers the court to:

aTransfer the suit to a Commercial Court
bAward punitive damages in addition to specific performance
cEngage one or more experts to report on any specific issue involved in a suit under the Act
dAppoint a receiver for the suit property
Answer: C
Section 14A allows the court, where it considers it necessary, to engage one or more experts to report on a specific issue in a suit under the Act; the report forms part of the record.
Q189Specific Relief Act

The proviso to Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 lays down that a court shall not make a declaration of legal character or right where the plaintiff:

aBeing able to seek further relief than a mere declaration of title, omits to do so
bIs in actual possession of the suit property
cSeeks the declaration against the Government
dHas filed the suit beyond three years of the cause of action
Answer: A
The proviso to Section 34 bars a bare declaration where the plaintiff, being able to seek further (consequential) relief, omits to do so.
Q190Commercial Courts Act, 2015

Which of the following is the correct position regarding the overriding effect of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 under Section 21?

aThe Act overrides only the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
bThe Act yields to any inconsistent provision in any other law in force
cThe Act has no overriding effect and is subject to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
dThe Act has effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent in any other law for the time being in force or in any instrument having effect by virtue of such law
Answer: D
Section 21 gives the Act overriding effect, notwithstanding anything inconsistent contained in any other law in force or in any instrument having effect by virtue of such law.
Q191Commercial Courts Act, 2015

The provisions creating Commercial Divisions and Commercial Appellate Divisions of a High Court under the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 apply to a High Court that:

aHas ordinary original civil jurisdiction
bHas only appellate jurisdiction
cIs situated in a Union Territory only
dHas been specifically notified by the Supreme Court
Answer: A
Under Sections 4 and 5, the Chief Justice of a High Court having ordinary original civil jurisdiction constitutes Commercial Divisions and Commercial Appellate Divisions in that High Court.
Q192Commercial Courts Act, 2015

The Commercial Courts (Amendment) Act, 2018 introduced, among other changes, the concept of pre-institution mediation. Apart from inserting Section 12A, it also:

aMade arbitration appeals non-maintainable
bReduced the Specified Value from one crore to three lakh rupees
cAbolished Commercial Appellate Courts
dIncreased the Specified Value from three lakh to one crore rupees
Answer: B
The 2018 Amendment reduced the Specified Value threshold from one crore rupees to three lakh rupees and inserted Section 12A providing for pre-institution mediation.
Q193Partnership / LLP Act

Section 69 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 bars certain suits by or on behalf of an unregistered firm. However, the bar does NOT affect:

aa suit by a partner for the dissolution of the firm or for accounts of a dissolved firm
ba suit by the firm against a third party to recover the price of goods sold
ca suit by a partner against a third party to enforce a contractual right of the firm
da suit by a partner against another partner to enforce a right under the partnership contract
Answer: A
Section 69(3)(a) saves a suit for the dissolution of a firm, or for accounts of a dissolved firm, or for realisation of the property of a dissolved firm, from the bar imposed on unregistered firms.
Q194Partnership / LLP Act

Under Section 3 of the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, a limited liability partnership is:

amerely an association of persons governed by the Indian Partnership Act, 1932
ba body corporate with a legal entity separate from its partners and perpetual succession
cnot a body corporate and has no existence separate from its partners
da body corporate but without perpetual succession
Answer: B
Section 3 of the LLP Act, 2008 provides that an LLP is a body corporate, a legal entity separate from its partners, and has perpetual succession.
Q195Partnership / LLP Act

Under Section 6 of the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, the minimum number of partners required for a limited liability partnership is:

aone
bfive
cseven
dtwo
Answer: D
Section 6(1) of the LLP Act, 2008 requires every LLP to have at least two partners; if the number falls below two for more than six months while it carries on business, the sole remaining partner may become personally liable.
Q196POCSO Act

After the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act, 2019, the punishment prescribed under Section 6 for aggravated penetrative sexual assault is rigorous imprisonment for a term not less than -

afourteen years, extendable to imprisonment for life
btwenty years, extendable to imprisonment for life, or with death
cseven years, extendable to imprisonment for life
dten years, extendable to imprisonment for life
Answer: B
As amended in 2019, Section 6 prescribes rigorous imprisonment of not less than twenty years extending to imprisonment for life (remainder of natural life), and also fine, or with death.
Q197POCSO Act

Where a person is prosecuted for committing, abetting or attempting to commit an offence under Sections 3, 5, 7 or 9 of the POCSO Act, 2012, Section 29 requires the Special Court to -

apresume guilt only if the victim is below twelve years of age
bpresume nothing and place the entire burden on the prosecution
cpresume that the accused has committed the offence unless the contrary is proved
dpresume the innocence of the accused until guilt is established beyond reasonable doubt
Answer: C
Section 29 creates a reverse burden, directing the Special Court to presume that the accused committed, abetted or attempted the offence under Sections 3, 5, 7 and 9 unless the contrary is proved.
Q198Transfer of Property / Property Law / Easements

Under Section 52 of the Indian Easements Act, 1882, a right granted by one person to another to do or continue to do something in or upon the immovable property of the grantor, which would otherwise be unlawful, and which does not amount to an easement or an interest in the property, is termed a:

aServient easement
bProfit a prendre
cLease
dLicence
Answer: D
Section 52 of the Indian Easements Act, 1882 defines a 'licence' as a permissive right that creates neither an easement nor an interest in the property. It is essentially a personal privilege and, being non-possessory, is distinguishable from a lease, which transfers an interest in the property.

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